When the Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises need to develop the original and new technology out of the subcontract style the public fund support would work well during depression days. But it might be hard to find the suitable support because there are huge and flooded web solutions published by each public organization. In this study we propose that in order to promote the developing activities to the Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises, new network system should be set with the Information communication technology (ICT) and human relationship. The ICT would help the business-persons in charge of developing project to treat the paperwork such as the red tape and the human relationship might prevent them from spending the public fund illegally. In the Small and Medium-scale enterprises the board member or the president (key man) might be the main developing section engineer. Thus if the key man got accident, the developing project as well the company itself would have been end. In order to avoid that kind of accident, the Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises can spend the public fund support for the personnel expenses.

View full abstract

In this paper, I analyzed the process of self-organizing community not only by theoretical approach as deduction, but also by experimental approach as induction. Through this study, a ‘spiral-model’ has been created. The system of self-organizing community is explained by service creative activities of participants in the community where social services are insufficient. Finally, from all examination, a compass for community to realize the social innovation is presented.

View full abstract

When we make a generalization about the recent industrial restructuring, the three following points should be noted. First of all, as people called it as "servicizing. Second, the relatively small and medium size of the companies have been enlarged their scope of activities. Third, they have been built the new network system which take advantage of reciprocity. It is proposed that the new paradigm should be built in order to cope with these restructuring.

View full abstract

The purpose of this paper is to offer a framework of network-to-network to analyze the trade exchange between buyer and seller. The patterns of value co-creation are categorized and the mechanism of value co-creation between a seller's value proposition network and a buyer's value consummation network is described by looking at the exchange and value creation through the lens of service-dominant logic. The potential of social network analysis as a method analyzing the network structures is discussed, and then the future research opportunities are proposed. Finally, I suggest some implications to managers.

View full abstract

It utilizes the advantage of the partner and it is in the figure of the network that it evolves the advantage at the same time. It isn't possible to do a personal activity and innovation and it is easy for the network which doesn't bring a change to the relation to degenerate. To improve the possibility of the resources which each has more the network has a meaning. The network reader doesn't manage all, sets the platform which becomes a product and the frame of the business and leads the innovation of the module which functions on the infrastructure.

View full abstract

We propose a new paradigm "Tsunagari" in stead of "system". In the 20th century, System concept and approach has served almighty tools for solution of complex problems. However, a system has been found to be only a process characterized by structure and function, and the quality of sense and value created in stakeholders is more important than the system's output. Often, socially useful sense and value are created from new relationships, connections, linkages, bridges, coupling, etc. We comprehensively call these "Tsunagari" in Japanese. In this article, social Tsunagari paradigm is presented as post system paradigm, and components and levels of Tsunagari are clarified. We discuss business model of Tsunagari by referring to social capital and social management.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

Balanced Scorecard is primarily used to manage strategies for achieving the vision of companies and nonprofit organizations. Recently, state and local government finances are tight. Therefore, it is necessary to solve social problems in a way not to depend on government. In this study, I consider a balanced scorecard for a social network from a case study of Park Management. I have three conclusions which is the building of social capital, and establishing management cycles, developing human resources by EQ concept. Social problem is comprehensive. It is applicable to solve the problem from economy of connection.

View full abstract

We have regarded an establishment of an agricultural corporation as an entrepreneurship. We have been case studying on sustainable competitive advantage of agricultural corporation. We have found that a management organization taken as a aggregation of a information management resources, invisible asset constitution can be a resource of sustainable competitive advantage. We still had to observe agricultural corporations' features which are engaging in solution of social problems such as keeping the regional society afloat, or land conservation and so on, with focusing on their characteristics. In this report we describe the result of our research on the cluster styled agricultural production companies which has more than three years experience. We show that the accumulation of invisible asset construction is the origin of sustainable competitive advantages of an agricultural company as a social enterpriseimes.

View full abstract

Increasing uncertainty in the management world, it becomes the supremacy proposition that companies adapt environmental change. In this study, we suggested framework of networks in a meaning of the value creation from two viewpoints—space including time and geographical distances, and various degrees of management resources. Until today, most of researchers focused on the small and homogeneous networks such as industrial complex in these domains. However the widely heterogeneous networks are realized by overcoming long geographical distances, time differences and enclosure of management resources, and creates greater values of products. Such networks named Virtual-Integrated Networks can be applied to complex environment of companies in the next generation. Accordingly, the purpose of our study is the discovery of interaction process among heterogeneous organizations having diverse resources. In Virtual-Integrated Networks, higher originality of resources makes higher sustainable values.

View full abstract

Consulting the medium and small-sized enterprises is on a process: the grasp of consultation needs → analysis of present state → planning strategy → proposal of the initiatives and support afterwards. About the analysis of present state, there is effective and established analysis technique including SWOT analysis. On the other hand, using each strategy that was devised based on a function, it cannot make synergy and, cannot show total image of strategy. Therefore, it is effective to make strategy by Strategy Map, and to plan initiatives based on it with the technique of the Balanced Scorecard. I was able to confirm the effectiveness through a real example, but I knew it was necessary to offer perspectives that fitted the company, to show concrete practices, and not to pursue too much general consistency.

View full abstract

In this paper, we analyzed that why shopping street association and nonprofit organization build partnership, and that how they develop partnership, using three shopping street associations as a case. And we considered that what kind of partnership they build and develop, and that how they build and develop partnership.

View full abstract

This study reviews literature on market analysis process and location-allocation models within the context of the entire network of retail outlets. While market analysis process may work when the single-store locations are analyzed, more issues are involved if the new store is part of a network of outlets. Location-allocation models seem more capable of successful site selection in the latter case because they take into account various factors such as pre-existing competing stores in the market area.

View full abstract

In order to provide proper health medical welfare services effectively and efficiently for local residents, it is significant to establish and manage the community comprehensive health care system. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the present condition and progress situation of the community comprehensive health care system, and keep improving it for establishing and managing it very well. In Aomori prefecture, the questionnaire survey about the community comprehensive health care system for the local residents was conducted. This paper discussed the results of the survey and evaluated the community comprehensive health care system in Aomori prefecture from the residents' side. Especially, this paper analyzed the community comprehensive health care system t by regional scale.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate how smoothly Chinese technical interns work with Japanese workers. Though almost all studies use an interview based method to collect information, this study uses a questionnaire based method to conduct a statistical analysis. Furthermore, this study focus on not only Chinese interns perception towards their work but also Japanese workers' perception towards Chinese works.

View full abstract

Various advance planning takes place before a new retail store is opened. Since the ultimate goal is a high volume of sales, an accurate sales prediction is desired in the planning stage. In this study, an arbitrary population was prepared for a chain of retail stores deployed in an particular area, and an attempt was made to predict sales at new stores by using patterns of 100 variables, including geographical information, demographics, and consumption trends. Training signals were created by using all 100 variables for areas in which stores had been opened in the past, and the Mahalanobis-Taguchi system of quality engineering was used to create a polynomial expression with 100 terms to estimate the sales of the new stores. The error in the sales prediction was calculated from the S/N ratio obtained from the polynomial expression, and proved to be about ±10%.

View full abstract

In this paper, we discuss what visualization in health and medical field is, and how to visualize the data that are mainly recorded by the point of action recording system (daily lifestyle recorder) for daily life behavior. In order to clarify the problems of a present lifestyle by visualizing their lifestyles with daily lifestyle recorder, data and the policy necessary for making to visible were considered.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

This study investigates between relationship market orientation and customer relationship management. In marketing or strategic management, market orientation and customer relationship management are important factor for company success. But there are few studies to investigate this relationship. Focused on retailing, this study shows that there are positive relationships between market orientation- intelligence generation, intelligence dissemination, and responsiveness and customer relationship management- customer identification, customer focus, customer data, and employee education.

View full abstract

In order to figure out the actual conditions of comprehensive health care supporting centers, we conducted the questionnaire surveys in Aichi prefecture, in 2007 and 2008 by joint research with the social welfare technical committee in Aichi Medical Association. In this paper, the following key problems in comprehensive health care supporting center were discussed. 1) To secure and develop qualified human resources and 2) to establish the system for cooperation among relevant organs in regional area.

View full abstract

In this paper, we will focus our attention on the potentialities of ICT for regenerating regional communities and the challenges that we need to address in its utilization. Since administrative measures implemented for regional regeneration in Japan are complicated and diverse in nature, ICT applied to each individual measure will not necessarily be able to contribute to the realization of their specific objectives.Theoretically correct regeneration systems might be constructed with proper goal definition and/or system border rede-finition and with free use of economic theories and/or ICT. However, after all, their end-users are local citizens. If these systems are to achieve a measure of success in regional regeneration, it will be imperative for as many citizens as possible to share system goals. Therefore, if ICT is utilized to promote citizens' goal sharing, it is expected to play a major practical role in regenerating regional communities.

View full abstract

Recently, many retailers and wholesalers have introduced private brands (or private labels). Many reports show that private brands actually increase in Japan and United States. Although it is argued of the importance of private brands, there are few studies of total private brand strategies. Many factors, pricing, sourcing networks, retailing strategies, business fluctuation, and consumer loyalty affect private brand strategies. In this report, we investigate these factors overall perspective.

View full abstract

Many of service industries for senior citizen and handicapped people must supply necessary service in the areas. In other words, in the case of such a business, it is easy to be formed as continuous business in the high place of a population of accumulation, but formation is difficult in the district zone. In this article, I examined the maintenance business of the wheelchair which university - venture performed as an example of a service industry for senior citizen and handicapped people. As a result, continuation was difficult only by an independent business and understood that it was necessary to carry it out with a business with sinergy.

View full abstract

Essentially corporate governance is the way in which companies are managed. Professional sport clubs notably professional football clubs are typically registered as companies. Thus the operation is determined by corporate governance. There was a steadily increasing volume of criticism and complaints regarding the governance of many companies. Due to the excessive commercialization in sport industries worldwide too, there occurs the conflict of interests in between fans and clubs. To tackle this problem, innovative “supporters' trusts” have been successfully created in the British football and rugby clubs assisted by the Government. This structure is the one in which in the name of ‘trust’ supporters set up the mutual organizations(IPS) as trustees, and buy and hold mutually the shares of the clubs and where possible second their representatives to the board as directors to express their concerns effectively. It has been promising one in most of the average clubs supported by their supporters as well as the local people for their survival. This could replace the democratic but difficult ‘ mutuals‘ formula. Looking at the Japanese sport scene, we find the sponsors have started to withdraw their sponsorship for the professional as well as amateur clubs due to the tightening corporate governance in the business societies. Up until recently the parent companies had supported their club teams either for tax reasons or for their advertisement without paying much attention to their key businesses. The successive withdrawals have caused damages to the development of sports while sports are expected as good pastime for the ageing societies toward the future. Under the circumstances it has now been apparent that fans' involvement in the management of the professional sport clubs has become more important than ever .Here we discuss the various types of their involvement including ‘Fan clubs’ ,&lquo;Supporters' Trust’, Mutuals' and as such in the context of corporate governance.

View full abstract

The half-medical / half mercantile eyewear industry supply their products to consumers through the distribution process composed of parts manufacturers, device manufacturers and eyewear shops. Particularly the histories of the typical, advanced eyewear markets of USA and Japan have manifested their individual evolutions reflecting the market environment of each country. In the US market there appeared in 1980's some Super-Optical-Stores (SOS) that brought forth “Done-in-an-hour service” captured more than 30% of the optical market there. In Japan, meanwhile, Miki came up with a new designing system based on computer graphics, which then led to a new way of choosing glasses and a new service in preparing glasses. These innovations in preparing glasses in USA and Japan reflect contrastingly the modularization and the integration (integrated modulation) of the industry, giving great influence to the market evolution.

View full abstract

Japanese manufacturers have been generally considered not strong in making the best of R&D activities, in spite of their high level R&D performances. In printer industries, however, Japanese manufacturers have shown distinctive business achievements, making the good use of R&D results. The purpose of the study is to find their contributing factors. The approach of the study is composed of two steps. The first, key technologies and main applications of printers have been analyzed how they have changed from 1970s to now. The second, contributing factors of Japanese printer manufacturers have been studied based on the changes of the key technologies and applications. The findings are three factors. The first one is patent strategy to protect the unique key device technologies. The second one is redefinition of the supply unit which is composed of the original printing mechanism and consumable supplies. The last one is the supply business model which enables stable earnings.

View full abstract

After a university based start-up support policy reached the target, several years have passed. We must reexamine about industrializing the kind of university business. In Hokkaido, Hokkaido University TLO fails, and many university based ventures are facing management troubles. However, there are a few enterprises which are expanding achievements steadily. In this paper, I will search for the Medical Image Lab. Inc., which is established by a medical doctor of Hokkaido University. Through its services for tele-radiology by specialists in Hokkaido University, distant hospitals receive excellent help. Through this case study, I concluded that we must take different measures in supporting start-ups from the United States. We must emphasize the importance of Social Enterprises, which contain social contributions, when we take measures for start-up supports.

View full abstract

An analysis undertaken by NUPRI (Nihon University Population Research Institute) indicates that the number of Japanese households able to provide care for the elderly, that is, households containing a woman aged 40 to 59 and an elderly person, have been, since 2005, among the lowest in the world, and this trend is expected to continue for fifty years from 2022 onwards. By reconsidering support technology for the physically weak, that is, the elderly, the ill, and children, it is possible, through cooperation among industry, academia, and government, to develop a new field of industry, a “life function support industry”, that will provide all citizens with a basic level of security. The two main points that will be examined are as follows. 1. Driving forward with business-academia-government collaboration. 2. The possibility of the creation of a new industry, through cooperation among industry, academia, and government, with the development of robot technology for care support at its core.

View full abstract

This case study explores growth factors of the joint management company. As a result, the interesting tendencies were found in the area of the factor that gives strong influence toward the growth of joint management company. These tendencies were almost same factors with the result of statistical analysis.

View full abstract

After the collapse of the Japanese bubble, in late 1990s, Japanese companies have started to bring in the Merit-based Personnel System in order to activate their organization. The Merit-based Personnel System is a evaluation system in which a persons is evaluated by his job or role, and we will call this system the merit system for short.But in many companies this system resulted in failure and began to be reviewed. So I considered what the success of the merit system is, through the case of diagnosis and guidance at N company.Then I concluded as follows.I premise that the success of the merit system means motivation improvement and productivity improvement by high motivation.There is no relation between the merit system and productivity, or between change in wage and productivity.Rather productivity relates to exective's capability, fairness wage determination, duties and responsibility. And the success of the merit system depends on its introduciton process and operation in the company.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to uncover the work value of Vietnamese workers in Hanoi using a questioner based method. Though several studies investigate this issue focusing on the corporations in Ho Chi Minh, little research has been conducted focusing on the corporations in Hanoi. We examine the difference between blue collar workers and white collar workers regarding the work value. We also focus on the difference between Japanese affiliated firms and local firms. Unskilled workers who have difficulty to get a job are likely to be well motivated because of competitive labor market. A significant difference of motivated toward a job is observed between white collar and blew collar workers.

View full abstract

In the present study, the effectiveness of the network in agribusiness was examined around "The agriculture commerce and industry cooperation". Firstly, the content of the current state of agribusiness and "The agriculture commerce and industry cooperation" was confirmed. Also, "The agriculture commerce and industry cooperation" was compared with the theory of the network, and the effectiveness of the theory was considered from the case. It is found that it gets good results when the case with "The agriculture commerce and industry cooperation" is seen in light of the theory of the network. However, when the network of "The agriculture commerce and industry cooperation" is considered based on the social network theory, the difference of the hierarchy of each case has been understood. It is necessary to clarify this difference of the hierarchy and the relation to the effect of the network. Therefore, the outline of the present study is a problem institution for the verification in the future.

View full abstract

At the present day, business people are never highly motivated. High performance is too much that we hardly dared to hope for in low-motivated workers. Comparatively speaking, flagging motivation to work is one of the most shattering issues faced by the whole contemporary world. What factors distinguish those aspirants from those who are not? In an effort to perceive management reality in a comprehensive view, I would like to consider, from the perspective of strategic management, what the key factors are to make employees luxuriate in working to get engaged and involved in order to make considerable achievements. I will discuss management theory with pleasure situated at the central spine. In this article I will excavate my consideration of the management model as a basis of the study. The proposition of Strategic Crafting, vindicated by Mintzburg acclaims the value of contingency learning. I recognize it as important as well and adopt the theory to develop a dynamic model in which three factors of management philosophy, strategy formulation and organizational behavior are connected with around feedback group.

View full abstract

The Banshu area forms the largest Japanese vermicelli production center for the above 110 years from Meiji 30's to the present. Then, where is the source of sustainable competition advantage? And what activity did the cooperative association carry out for regional brand construction and management? An organization system, the know-how of the merchandise, the maintenance of the brand, a price / supply and demand adjustment, the development of the distribution are nominated for brand-building by the cooperative association. Both either of accumulation for the long-term is demanded. This study intends to clarify the structure for Banshu Japanese vermicelli production area and describe concerning activities and functions to the brand-building by the cooperative association.

View full abstract

The difference between types of business exists in the approach for reduction of negative environmental impacts. Then, it is necessary so that examining the directionality of the approach of each type of business may reduce the negative environmental impact in transportation. In this study, status and problems on Green Logistics of each type of business are clarified by analyzing the corporate environmental reports that is one of the sources of information concerning environmental measures in the enterprise.

View full abstract

The author searches for a new possibility for communication strategy in Service Dominant Logic. First, Service Dominant Logic is considered . Second, Customer Culture Theory is examined, since Arnould argued that propositions outlined in Vargo and Lusch(2004) were ideas that researchers associated with the Consumer Culture Theory tradition had pioneered. It is important that consumer's operant resource is considered, and it can make communication strategy more effective.

View full abstract

The consortia formation is done as a strategy in a severe economic environment in recent years. OEM is one of the Alliance that small and medium manufacturers are doing for a long time. Various resources on business have been exchanged by OEM among partners. The process that develops from OEM to strategic OEM is verified. The Alliance ability is analyzed from the previous work in developing strategic OEM. Moreover, does the enterprise have a dominant source for continued competition in doing OEM? It verifies it from the investigation of a diagnosis case enterprise of a current research and a new hiyaringu enterprise.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

In term of diversification theory I have analyzed and estimated the strategy small and medium Construction developing new business for the purpose of existence. From the term of “Resources Based View” I analyze and estimate the strategy in this paper. If I regard the strategy in these companies as business innovation, general organization is “the capability” for business innovation .I will consider what “the capability” is for medium-sized and small construction developing new business and what the meaning is to improve it.

View full abstract

When a company takes actions, there is a process called decision-making in the premise by all means. The corporate management is such decision-making continuation, as well as small business, the achievements of the company are influenced by contents done decision-making and the practice method of decision contents. In late years, speed comes to be found for corporate management, but will not there be the problem because we find speed for management even if we can leave it to the speed about the decision-making to have a great influence on corporate management and will perform it. By this article, it's based on such a critical mind and I analyze and consider decision-making speed and relations with achievements.

View full abstract

The important objective of the Brand Management is to increasing and sustaining of the brand equity. Therefore it is necessary to understand the customer's consumption experiences and opinions about a brand. In recent years, the emergence of eWOM(electronic Word of Mouth) attracts attention from the consumers and the companies as an important information source of about a consumption experiences and opinions. Despite the increasing interest of electronic Word of Mouth as a valuable source of customer's information among companies, the value of the eWOM bring to brand management has remained an unanswered question. This paper addresses the question by visualization of brand equity based on the electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM ) data and studying an applicability of electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM ) to brand management.

View full abstract

In the field of the innovation generation in Japanese SME manufacturers, exercising proposing capacity to their main customers is becoming the key. Considering manufacturing innovations of Japanese SME manufactures from the viewpoint of distribution of information with their main customers through case sturdy, the content of informational management resources from which SME manufactures can collect are changing from technical information to market information. How to obtain the informational management resources are also changing from the passive way, such as being given several instructions from their main customers, to the positive way, such as managing to obtain. On the other hand, SME manufactures do not entirely disclose their core know-how to their main customers. Through such kind of changes, the room for SME manufactures to exercise proposing capacity to their main customers is expanding rapidly.

View full abstract

It is pointed out that the trust with the small and medium enterprises and the financial institution turned worse by recent economy slump. In this study, I considered about the trust structure with a small and medium enterprises and the financial institution. In the field of the relationship marketing, there are the precedent studies of contents that "Shared Values" "Communication" "Non-opportunistic Behavior" constitute trust. For the factor analysis that I took based on questionary survey to the small and medium enterprises, the validity of the hypothesis model that assumed these a componentry was confirmed. Furthermore, implication in the business was led.

View full abstract

Six Years Have Passed Since Relationship Banking to the Regional Banks, though There are still many problems to solve. This Paper Describes the Factor of Reduction of Psychological Resistance and Positiveness to Disclosure to the Bank,after Quantitative Research. Consequently Ability of Facilitators and Attitude of Banks are the Main factors of Reduction of Psychological Resistance,and in Addition, Management Style is the main factor of Positiveness to Disclosure.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

The purpose of our workshop presents a framework of sustainability diagnosis that replace the conventional methods like as societal diagnosis or environmental one which are not useful concept and tool for emerging new global problems.

View full abstract