[in Japanese]

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There has been increasing interests in "social capital" worldwide .In the 21st century the idea of social capital will be inevitably considered in themanagement of smaller companies in Japan in their development into the future. Professional football clubs are a sort of social capitals inwhich the sport has been developed in the form of "clubs" started as gatherings of local people. fond of playing the game.. Supporters gathered in their local football clubs to which they were attached emotionally .The affiliation is the energy by which any activity is strengthened. However, any formof organization may change during the course of business so that some measures should be invented to tighten the corporate governance of the organizations ( professional clubs are mostly limited companies). Here came supporters' trust under the Labor Government in the UK. The system helps the supporters raise bigger voices to the management of their clubs by purchasing the shares of the clubs. Also the other side of this movement has been noted that this helped the smaller clubs financially in red salvaged from going into bankruptcy. To this extent the trust has become real social capital. Lessons from the UK experiences in the sector tell us that even smaller companies should periodically listen to stakeholders to check if theywork in accordance of the requests fromthe society ;ie.thier social relationship, sustainability as a going concern,and innovation toward the future.

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Under the population decrease and the buying power depression, the traditional reproduction expansion type chain store businesses have been losing their basic growth conditions. Typical established retail stores have enlarged the business size and increased the numbers of stores. However, they facedwith facility productivity decrease caused by overly increased the number of chain stores, also the sales channel shift such as to the Internet stores. The break-even point and the fixed expense level of retail store business are typically high. Under such conditions, enlarged size of business causes higher fixed expenses and limited flexibility of businessmanagements. We name the structural contradictions in business growth as CGP(Chain store paradox). Here we propose the new distribution and retail business theory that is vital under decreased populationmarket conditions. The distribution and retail businesses have beenmostly structured by the limited number of large enterprises and existing lowproductivity retail stores. The remarkable growth of Internet business changed the retail business from traditional retail store business style to the new business functionwhere anybodymay be the player. Changing the distribution and the retail store business to the newlogistic network type of business tiedwith the local area industries and other businesses will provides new age business growth of the distribution, retail business and the local area industries and other businesses aswell.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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InOctober 2002, "The Regenerative Programfor the Banking System"was released. The programshowed the way of collecting credit and of turnaround of financial institutions. However, credit associations, whose character is different fromthat of city banks, needed the original programof their own. So inMarch 2003, Financial Services Agency released a report entitled "To Strengthen the Function of Relationship-Banking." This time, our paper features the support for improvingmanagement that credit associations are giving according to the report. It also features the financial tendency of small manufacturers who are trying hard in a difficult situation caused by an economic depression, the collapse of credit, producing overseas and so on.

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It is estimated that clients' credibility on consultants has great importance on the result of consulting. In this study, I conducted interviews on the clients of 4 companies which had engaged in consulting project recently. The interviews showed 3 hypothesis; 1. Clients recognize the importance of credibility with consultants in order to get results in consulting. 2. Credibility is created step by step, first in the entry of the consulting process, then in the work to make solutions later. 3. In the entry stage, humanity and achievement of consultants are important factors to create credibility. And in the later stage, rapid-cycle success and consultants'dedication to the project are important.

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Generally, in such extremely complicated and uncertain society as now, it becomes more difficult to implement ideas in the business scene, which were developed and authorized by planning department based on a large scale strategy. In order to well meet changes which occur perpetually and diversity in the workplace, it is vitally essential for employees, as a whole of the corporation, to provide customers with values aligning mission and vision of the corporation based upon their own strategies and decisions. Thus, the management based on corporate philosophy becomes more important than before. However, familiarizing effort of corporate philosophy within the organization is not always successful; moreover, relationship between corporate philosophy and business performance is not yet identified enough. In this article, focusing on these issues as above, we also describe future outlook of corporate-philosophy-based-management in a successful corporation.

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The author performed a study about the project activity that had a newproductwith the innovation. The paper studies the originality diagnosis.This paper examines the diagnosis of small-sized business. The activity of the product-out is effective .

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Asocial business is paid to attention as a technique of a social innovation. However, a social business is developed, and a lot of problems that should be overcome exist for the social entrepreneur who pursues the innovation, the sociality, and the business. In this report, the effectiveness of the business producer who supports such a social entrepreneur is shown. The formation mechanism of a social business is clarified, and the action item of uniting, the conversion, and the adjustment of the producer corresponding to there is presented.And, it has "Support case with the community cafe "Nora"" inwhich the author was related as the producer, and the image of the tangible support is shown.

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[in Japanese]

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Ten years pass froma start, itmay be said that the Long-TermCare Insurance Programis firmly established as a systemof the welfare for the aged. However, unlike the idea of the systemfoundation to say that various enterprises offer services, it is hard to say that stable service is offered. Therefore at first this announcement puts the problem of the existing system from the situation of service providers. And this announcement proposes the marketing viewpoint that private service providers keep profit while they grasp customer needs precisely, and offer user-oriented service.

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In order to provide proper health-medical-welfare services effectively and efficiently for local residents, it is significant to establish and manage the community comprehensive health care system. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the present condition and progress situation of the community comprehensive health care system, and keep improving it for establishing andmanaging it verywell. In Aomori prefecture, the questionnaire survey about the community comprehensive health care system for the municipalities was conducted. Fromthe results of this survey, this paper discussed consciousness and condition about the community comprehensive health care system in Aomori prefecture. Especially, this paper analyzed the community comprehensive health care system by municipal scale: city; town; and village.

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This paper explores the implications of paperless office environments in medical association offices and the realities organizations face in their attempts to go paperless. We carried out a survey on how to go paperless in medical association office with the support of Japan Medical Association, in December 2009. In this research, the approaches on paperless of medical association offices in Japan are analyzed. As a result, about 48% of medical association offices are going paperless on holding an executivemeeting.

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This report aims at identifyingmanagerial issues being encountered by those corporations engaging in the elderly-people welfare services and making some managerial policy suggestions for their future improvement through the analysis of some selected corporations whose primary business is the provision of elderly-people welfare services. In this report , therefore, profitability, financial stability and labor-productivity of seven such companies are analyzed from micro-economics perspective, and, on that basis, the future directions of their managerial policy improvement are investigated and some suggestions on the improvement of the future national policy of

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Tracking industry is some serious problems in human resource. Because tracking industry is labor-intensive industry and firms in tracking industry are small firms inmost cases. Labor-intensive industry is low pay and hard working. Small firms in tracking industry are difficult in developing human resources. Thus industry group needs to educatemany employees of small firms in tracking industry.

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Semiconductor and semiconductor-related manufacturers have taken the lead with technological innovation in the electronic products. As for the manufacturers' competitiveness, Japanese upstream manufacturers (silicon wafer manufacturers) have competitive strengths, while Japanese downstream manufacturers (device and final product manufacturers) have not. The purpose of the study is to find the way how Japanese upstream manufacturers have established the competitive strengths. The study has been done, mainly compared to downstream manufacturers. The finding in the technological aspect is that Japanese upstream manufacturers have accumulated a great deal of black-boxed manufacturing know-how. This has impeded new entry of Asian companies into silicon wafer industries. Another finding in the management aspect is that Japanese manufacturers gave priority to global market in the early phase. The priority results that the manufactures have intermittently made a huge amount of investment in plant and equipment with long-ranged management plan.

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The patentmind of small andmediumenterprises is generally low. Therefore, a lot of small andmediumenterprises have been paying the high upkeep to the useless and worthlessness patent after they got it. We will find a standard patent application document model fromthe public patent bulletin, to which small and medium enterprise can refer when they get a patent. This try is similar to the content of the last report. In this report, the range of the analysis was expanded, and the standard patent application document model in each industrial fieldwas found. In addition, the trend of the standard patent application document from2004 to 2008was analyzed.

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We propose a new method for diagnosing company's producing power of sense values. In many product categories, commoditization is widespread, and there are already little different between the functions of individual product, and people ask for spiritual values, not satisfied with lowprices. Sense values are found out by customers in using the products, and have emotional, sensory, empirical, social, or cultural aspects. Whereas every company is longing for generating innovation, epoch-making products are rare percentage of new goods coming to market. Accordingly, many companies should aim at not breakthrough innovation but producing sense values. First, we developed an extraction method of clue words of sense values by analyzing the electronic word-of-mouth data registered in a product review site. The method, which is called PQFBI-SVD, filters the words composing perceived quality by function and brand identity, and the residual words correspond to the clue of sense values. Secondly, we explain the principal subject of this article, the management diagnostics of producing power of sense values. As innovation dilemma is matter-of-course, success of innovation is often obstacle of flexibility of process. Responding current concrete customer needs fails to explore latent needs. We extracted those knowledge from the past celebrated and excellent literature on innovation and listed up as check list. Process, design and diversity are extracted as common elements frommany articles.

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The purpose of this article is to develop the framework of the marketing diagnosis. The conventional diagnosis frameworkbased on the traditionalmarketingmodel (i.e. 4P's) and functional diagnosis focuses on balance sheet assets and the products as the outputof the company. Instead, this study focuses on the off-balance sheet resources and the process including usage of the customer after thecompany has sold the output. The author presents a framework to diagnose the value co-creation processes that end with perceiving thevalue-in-context by customers. To develop this framework, it is based on the Service-Dominant Logic. The value co-creation process isdivided into three phases: design, value co-creation, and feedback, the diagnosis focus of each phasewill be discussed.

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Recently, in an increasingly competitive, many researchers have questioned the traditional view of the role of businesses andconsumers. In Service-dominant-logic which was proposed by Stephen Vargo and Robert Lusch, consumers or customers asextended to the value creators. In this paper, in the context ofmanagement diagnosis, author theoretically and conceptually examinethe newrole of consumers as value creators. The author suppose that it is important to point out that commitment to value and valuefromit on value co-creation.

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In this study, characteristics of a predominant research framework on which most consumer inference researches havebeen based were reviewed, and research tasks and future research direction to consumer inference study was examined. It was revealedthat this research framework has considered consumer inference as a information processing based only on characteristic attributedimension. Also, in this framework, important information processing (such as selection of inferred attributes and formation of schemaabout inter-attribute relationships) has been regarded as ad hoc assumptions which are made by researchers. By reason of thesecharacteristics, consumer inference examined in the framework has been excessive controlled inferencemaking. To study creative aspectsof consumer inference, extension of concept, research area, and researchmethodologies on consumer inference is needed.

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In many manufacturing plants production management systems are not performed well even if expensive computer aidedsystems are utilized there. The paper proposes an idea which is available to enhance a performance of production management system. The idea is to install a coordination function into the production management system which adjusts activities of different functionaldepartments related with the productionmanagement. A practical procedure to improve the productionmanagement systemis discussed.

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How to lead management diagnoses in the reproduction of the small-sized business is the basically same as a general management diagnosis. However, there is a characteristic that a radical countermeasure is necessary while the small-sizedbusiness in the dilemma has a choice not to continue a business, and the cooperation of the stakeholders is necessary, and there is limitation of the fund.Therefore, in the management diagnosis, there is the next characteristic. (1)Perform thorough present conditions analysis (2)A plan of the reduction balance model by concentration and the choice. (3)Device radical management reconstruction plan and a concrete management remedy. (4)Get assent and the cooperation of the stakeholder. (5)The correspondence that is speedy so that lack of funds does not occur is necessary.

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It is said that there is strong association in the characteristic of the entrepreneur activity and regional community.We focus on growth companies in Hokkaido. And, we study the association between the success factor of growth companies and the characteristic of regional community, froma viewpoint of the entrepreneur activity.

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This paper focuses on representative books of P. H. Nystromwho is a pioneering researcher of the earlymarketing study and the retail trademanagement, and I try systematization ofmarketingmanagement of the retail trade fromthere and try the construction of the framework of the retail trade diagnosis. Firstly I confirm the present conditions about the marketing of the retail trade, and then I take up representative four books of Nystrom next and review the evaluation for those study contents. And I consider way of thinking, ideal method and set forward to the modern retail trade marketing management that Nystrom suggests. Finally I try approach to the framework construction for management diagnoses of systematization of themodern retail trade originalmarketingmanagement and the retail trade fromthat.

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In this paper, we showed the basic facts to analyze trade area, using de facto population.We studied the relationshipbetween trade area and de facto population, estimated the data taken froma person-trip survey. First, we prepared a framework foranalysis. It is necessary to properly classify each trade area. Next, we investigated the distribution of population have been shoppingandwalking person fromde facto population. Finally, we analyze the relationship between ' shopping population ' and commercial sales, applying Geographically Weighted Regression.

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The heat island phenomenon is severer for urban people according to global warming and urbanization in recent years.Especially, in the center part in the city, a large amount of inflow of the car and its congestion cause the temperature rise by the airconditioner operation and the vehicle exhaust emission discharge etc. and it produces an extremely unpleasant environment for peoplewho walk in the town. In this study, we propose to provide function ofmicromist spraying for transportation, for example, the bus and tospray themist intensively on the center part and main streets. It offers a comfortable city life environment for the pedestrian. Through theintroduction of this system, the temperature rise in the center part in the city is expected to be reduced by a comparatively easymethod.

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This research considers the innovation and conservatismwhich Peter F.Drucker has developed.

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Abstract:Green Innovation is a challenge to build up a lowcarbon society based on scientific discoveries and technological innovationsin the fields of environment, natural resources and energy. This challenge creates new social and economic values,harmonizes solutions of climate change problems with the socio-economic development and works as a driving force forsustainable development in theworld.This paper focuses specifically onmanaging strategicGreen Innovation and is divided into the following four parts:Open Innovation andBusinessAnalysis of the U.S. Environmental TechnicalAnalysis: ElementalTechnologies inEnvironmentalCutting-Edge SmartGrid andRoadmaps inEnvironmental Cutting-Edge Conclusion andDiscussion

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This paper points out that network perspective is effective for researching into organizing wholesalers. This paper focuses on a case study of Supplico that constitutes ofmanywholesalers, and whichmembers collaborate strategicallywith each other.

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[in Japanese]

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Since 2002 in Japan under the concept of the education free fromthe pressure, the time schedule and the level of the academicability of the young generation had been decreased. So when they might start to enter the company, the gap of the understandingsbetween the trainers and the new comers on the vocational initiation might be the serial problems on and after 2011. The companyshould start to prepare the training menu including the academic knowledge. In this study we propose that the business-academia collaboration to improve the academic ability for young generations before entering the company might be recognized as the CSR of the company. This CSR action by the companymay contribute theeducational facilities and also to gain the profit of the company.

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It is widely considered that Japanese SME manufactures in supporting industry such as die makers and foundries depend on their main customer. However, there are several firms that can acquire new customers and change their business relation.Why can they obtain new customers and new order? Many aspects of the process of the new customer acquisition on Japanese SMEs in supporting industry remain poorly understood. Thus, in this paper, we tackle this puzzle with qualitative approach from the viewpoint of salesperson in those firms. From our case studies, we find that many of mangers develop human resource that is related to the new customer acquisitions and, build the sales and marketing function in their companies. Additionally, it is also observed that the internal position of the sales department becomes higher through those policies

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This paper aims to investigate ten cases of Japanese small and medium family enterprises with long business histories, which illustrate business innovation after business successions.These case studiesmake two following contributions. First, successors carried out reforms such as organizational changes more focused and updated company visions or managementpolicies or reforms of decision-making and communication processes .Second, successors exercise different types of leadership fromthose of founder's top-down type to accomplish organizational reforms despite their justified business successions and authorities. The characteristics of the leadership peculiar to successors are “open” management and encouraging employees voluntarily involvement.

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Social contribution activities for local society (SCALS) which have weak relation with corporation's business have faceddifficulty in termof survive since global recession in 2008. This paper describes a diagnosis result on the sustainability/growth opportunityof SCALS which were executed by local companies, from three perspectives, with utilizing two analytical frameworks which weredetermined based on previous studies. The comparison between SCALS executed by 44 local companies and SCALS executed by 13benchmark companies, which operate global/nationwide business, indicated that local companies executed more SCALS which havestrong relation with their own business than benchmark companies.

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Harima area, Hyogo Prefecture in the local industry, are concentrated in this region aremostly fishhookmanufacturer in Japan.Harima also share in the national accounts for about 90 percent, and exports about 80 countries worldwide. These industry-specificintegrated hook is also something rare in theworldwithout precedent.Whatwas the formation of industrial clusters Sowhy such unusual.This paper explores the sources of competitive advantage in producing both to clarify the structure of this Harima fishhook.

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In June of 2005, the long-term care insurance system was reviewed and was changed to a system to emphasizelong-term care prevention. The Community Health Care Supporting Center was founded to take charge of this system. TheCommunity Health Care Supporting Center is expected to comprehensively support the improvement of health care and welfare,and is demanded to build a comprehensive and continuous care system in the community. But it is said that there is a difference between communities, in the effort to build the system. In this study, we made a hypothesis that the cause of this difference is the oppression of care management service.And fromthis hypothesis,we paid attention to the procedure of caremanagement service,and analyze and examine about the service time and the number of services of the 5 services included in the care management service. In addition, we will suggest the care management system procedures in the future.

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In globalized economy there is a severe competition between companies. In this situation a necessity for takingmeasures to reduce costs arises. Traditional costing has problems with distribution of overhead costs. Acompany achieves itsgoals through performance of the activities. Activity-based costing makes the process of the costing formation be obviousthrough activities. It is demonstrated in P.B.B.Turney`smodel.Cost driver rate can be used for evaluation of activity. Cost driverand cost driver rate play a big role in taking decisions about future cost objects. Activity-based costing makes it possible thecorrect evaluation of activity. Exact evaluation of activity gives appropriate information and helps the right decisions.

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[in Japanese]

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The more diverse changes are accelerating, themore uncertainty is increasing in the social and economical contexts at presentand therefore it seems that there is an increasingweight in corporate philosophywhich companies should stand by.The author hasprovided for four companieswith advisory service as of corporate philosophy from2005 to 2009.Corporate philosophy penetrationwasespecially focused on in the engagements.The thesis argueswhat elementmight be the key points in the initiatives that the companieshave taken throughout the stages fromestablishment of corporate philosophy through penetration. It discovers as a result that it isimportant for themto "re-meaning "themselves through inquiry and reflecting themselves at each three stage of principle planning,on-site practice, andmilestones."Re-meaning "their experiences polished the corporate philosophy and revitalized the company.Although implementation ofmanagement principlewas themain objective itself, itwas utilized as an effective tool to improvemanagement strategy aswell.The processwas shared company-wide, and thereby there appeared a faint outline of a path ofmanagementpenetration.

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Automotive industry has bolstered Japan's rapid economic growth phase playing themajor role in the economic evolution,and is still holding up Japanese economy as the key industry. Japanese car makers have built a strong position globally with theirstrength of realizing high quality and lower fuel consumption. However, European, American and Korean car makers recently havemade drastic improvements in quality, fuel consumption and cost, and Japanese makers are losing their competitive edge. In orderfor Japanese car makers to build continuous competitive predominance under such situation, I believe it is vital for Japanese carmakers to restructure the continuous competitive advantage. This report is to clear up boundaries of value creation and knowledgecreation with a result of reviewing the advanced research and case study of them. In the light of contribution and the boundaries of knowledge creation and value creation, a case study with a framework of “The link-chain of value creation and knowledge creationin product planning and development” was conducted, and based on findings of the case study, this report is directed to present criteria of diagnostics in continuous competitive predominance in product planning and development.

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Existing theories on competitive strategy have focused on corporations and on industry rather than consumers. The reasonconsumers have received little attention is that the amount of satisfaction consumers gain fromproducts has been concernedwith consumer's tastes. In existing theories, these tastes are fixed and therefore an increase of consumer's satisfaction bycorporations is limited to a fixed amount. By cooperating with others in the environment, companies that provide productexperiences and knowledge to the consumer will alter the process by which consumers gain satisfaction from products tothe pointwhere companies can create consumer satisfaction beyond the fixed amounts of the existing theories. In this paper,I will consider that consumerswho havemore experience or knowledge will paymore than those who have less experienceor knowledge because they perceivemore satisfaction fromproducts. I define this consumer satisfaction as consumer value. Creating consumer valuewill result in an increase in revenues of thewhole industry and in profits of each company.

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