This study aims to examine the relationship between social capital and migrants’ adjustment and local residents’ attitude toward acceptance of migrants in rural migration in the Okinawa region. A web-based survey was conducted on 412 migrants as Study Ⅰ and 517 local residents as Study Ⅱ. The results of Study Ⅰ showed a relationship between migrants’ adjustment and various aspects of social capital, particularly with regard to social networks, suggesting that the need for such networks varies depending on the length of residence. The results of Study Ⅱ showed that networking with migrants was not associated with local residents’ attitudes toward acceptance of migrants, but with their image of migrants. Through both studies, general trust was shown to be an important factor.

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The following findings regarding the opportunities and background of gambling in Okinawa. Pachinko, public lotteries, and sports promotion lotteries are the only types of gambling that can be visualized, but it can be inferred that there are a considerable number of members in sports gambling by local governments, where remote voting is progressing. On the other hand, it is the only prefecture among the 47 prefectures that has not introduced sports gambling by local governments or facilities. 1) Okinawa was under occupation (lost opportunities), 2) peculiarities of social environment such as unemployment rate, 3) generous economic policies for Okinawa such as Okinawa promotion policy and local allocation tax, 4) the presence of US military bases, 5) the history of the Ryukyu horse racing, which did not involve money, and 6) the civic power represented by the resident movement. Height, etc. were considered to be factors.

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This study examines the accent pattern in Takibakha Bunun (Austronesian). There are two basic accent patterns among Bunun dialects: the penultimate pattern and ultimate. Among Bunun dialects, Takibakha and Isbkun are described as the penultimate pattern, while other dialects including Takituduh are described as the ultimate pattern. The accent patterns in two Bunun dialects (Isbukun and Takituduh) has been explained by Optimality Theory. However, this paper proposes that the accent patterns can be explained without Optimality Theory, by focusing on Takibakha Bunun (penultimate pattern). In the penultimate pattern, the accent falls on the syllable containing the penultimate mora. The accent shows complex patterns when there is a vowel cluster such as ai, ia, au, ua, ui, iu in a word, whether it is a root (or stem) form or a suffixed form. In a non-final position, ai and au undergo diphthongization. In the speech of young generation, the diphthong ai and au became e and o as described in Pan [2018]. Vowel clusters ia and ua in a non-final position first undergoes metathesis ai and au. After they became diphthongs, they are monophthongized to e and o in younger generations’ speech. Vowel clusters iu and ui do not undergo diphthongization.

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