Kenichiro Hirano a proposé une liste de quatre types d’intégration résultant de l’acculturation : assimilation, incorporation, isolation et fusion. Cependant, des exceptions peuvent survenir dans la figure interculturelle de la mentalité individuelle. Cet article vise à proposer un nouvel exemple d’intégration en retraçant l’influence de Shinobu Orikuchi et de Marcel Proust sur l’essai Kurokamiyama de Tatsuo Hori.

  Hori a écrit Kurokamiyama après avoir visité Nara, où se déroule Le Livre des Morts d’Orikuchi. Cependant, le thème bouddhiste du Livre des Morts y est atténué, et l’accent y est mis sur le thème animiste du Japon ancien symbolisé par le Man’yōshū. Avant de lire Orikuchi, Hori avait lu Marcel Proust, et on peut considérer que le thème animiste celtique d’À la recherche du temps perdu s’est reflété dans sa lecture d’Orikuchi. En conséquence, Kurokamiyama témoigne simultanément des influences d’Orikuchi et de Proust. Dans cette oeuvre, Hori erre dans la montagne de Nara et unifie le monde des vivants et celui des morts. Cette intégration animiste devient une nouvelle forme d’intégration propre à la figure interculturelle de la mentalité individuelle, grâce à laquelle les deux cultures se fondent en une seule et le dualisme est surmonté.

  In Japan, local governments began to declare themselves free of nuclear weapons and free of nuclear weapons disposal in the 1980s. While it is noted that the Cold War and the anti-nuclear movement in Europe contributed to this growth, the phenomenon of many local governments in Japan introducing declarations of nuclear-weapon-free cities was made possible by the groundwork laid in the 1980s which facilitated the adoption process.

  In Kitakyushu City, the issue of the Yamada Ammunition Depot constituted a significant motivating factor for the robust endorsement of the non-nuclear municipal declaration. Moreover, the declaration played a pivotal role in enhancing awareness among citizens and city council members regarding the significance of such local issues. The non-nuclear municipal declaration is not merely aimed at the abolition of nuclear weapons; rather, it represents a bidirectional political phenomenon that politically connects various local issues and allows these issues to influence the development of the declaration itself. Thus, the non-nuclear municipal declaration was pursued with the objective of achieving a non-nuclear status, as well as functioning as a political phenomenon capable of intertwining the various challenges faced by each locality.

  This study examines the introduction of literacy education in the early 19th-century Hawaiian Kingdom from the perspectives of both Anglo-American missionaries and Hawaiian society. While traditional Hawaiian historiography often frames literacy as a unidirectional import of Western culture, this research emphasizes its dynamic development as a product of interactions among diverse actors. Specifically, it analyzes the cooperative efforts between British and American missionaries to promote literacy, the internal conflicts among Hawaiian elites between modernization advocates and traditionalists, and the mixed reception of literacy among the general populace, characterized by both acceptance and resistance.

  Through the analysis of missionary records and previously underutilized sources, this study reveals that literacy served as both a tool for disseminating Protestant ideals and advancing modernization, while also engendering religious tensions and societal anxieties. Furthermore, it demonstrates how literacy education intertwined local transformations with international influences, reflecting the complex interplay between Hawaiian traditions and Western cultural forces. This paper positions the introduction of literacy as a process of internal transformation within Hawaiian society, offering a new perspective on the intersections between Polynesia and the Western world, while contributing to a broader understanding of global and regional dynamics in historical change.

  This study examines the behavioural norms promoted by the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) for its members in the 1920s.

  The CPGB was established in 1920 as a British section of the Communist International (Comintern). During its formative years, CPGB officials demanded a high degree of self-discipline from its members. They were convinced that the path to revolution in Britain was being paved by the Communist Party, which they regarded as the bastion of disciplined Communists.

  CPGB officials defined disciplined Communists as frugal, abstaining from indulgence, and earnestly working to maintain their physical health to ensure their capacity for revolutionary activity. V.I. Lenin was held up as a model of Communist norms and discipline. The cult of Lenin was further consolidated following his death in January 1924. By the end of the decade, Lenin had become the epitome of Communist ideology and the practices represented by the CPGB.

  However, the CPGB’s puritanical policy was repellent to many young CPGB members and workers and impeded membership growth. By the end of the 1920s, the CPGB had been unsuccessful in implementing its policy in Britain and in producing disciplined Communists, while the Comintern’s directives for closer ties with the working class also went unfulfilled.

  Today, there are languages that are disappearing around the world, and English is becoming increasingly more of a lingua franca. In this situation, it is important for the preservation of ethnicity and nationality that people do not lose their native language. However, because Japanese people have never experienced losing their native language, they have a weak awareness of their mother tongue and do not seem to recognize its value. Nevertheless, intercultural understanding is based on knowing oneself.

  In this paper, as an attempt to understand one’s own culture, the aim is to understand and become aware of Japanese culture, mainly from the perspective of language. If we follow Sapir-Whorf’s hypothesis, language also affects the way we think, and the tatamiser effect of the Japanese language has the effect of softening confrontational attitudes. We have delved into the mechanisms of the Japanese language and the Japanese culture behind it by drawing on various cultural phenomena. This can be seen in several contexts, such as in films and ukiyo-e prints. In a globalized world, as the value of World Englishes as a means of communication declines with the advent of AI translation, the phatic aspects of Japanese can have great value. Understanding your own culture and interacting with other cultures is the first step towards true multiculturalism.

  This study analyzes how people involved in the community-based Hayama Art & Music Festival perceive the regional characteristics and how it is expressed in this Art Festival. This project has been held around Hayama, Kanagawa Prefecture, featuring many exhibitions and workshops for a few weeks every spring. This paper collects and observes various narratives, project logos and exhibitions through semi-structured interviews, fieldwork and literature review, and analyzes them using the KJ method paying particular attention to their salient features.

  The result of the analysis shows that the regional characteristics recognized by people involved in the Art Festival consist of several elements: flat relationships, culture that revitalizes the region, non-economic values and familiarity with nature. These elements appear in various ways, such as the organizer group of projects (without a leader), exhibition of art of everyday life, prioritizing the importance of satisfaction over profit in the event and the nature-inspired logos. They have resulted in the crystallization of the essence of Hayama and give a positive evaluation of the regional characteristics compared with other regions values such as urbanization, economy-first and efficiency-first. These unique characteristics contribute to positioning Hayama as an appealing and comfortable place.

  The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the visual rhetoric employed in anti-suffrage movement caricatures, with a particular focus on two key points. Firstly, it is notable that the representation of suffragettes, which often featured violent imagery of women, was disseminated beyond the boundaries of the nation-state. To this point, this paper presents an analysis of caricatures from a variety of countries that were reprinted in The Review of Reviews. Secondly, the focus will be on the caricatures drawn in the United States, with an analysis of how the “gender reversal” and “women’s issues” were depicted in society following the enfranchisement of women. In this section, particular attention will be paid to the iconography of illustrator Laura Foster, whose works were published in Life magazine. Foster’s satirical drawings appear to reinforce the opposition’s arguments, yet her stance on women’s suffrage remains unclear. This study will examine the ambiguity of Foster’s caricatures and analyze her iconography, which enables the interpretation of the intentions of both supporters and opponents. This approach allows for an understanding of the “range of interpretations” that caricatures can facilitate.

  The purpose of this paper is to explore how we should understand the relationship among a particular land, a group of people, and the culture of that group by critically examining Margaret Moore’s arguments in current debates on territorial rights in contemporary political philosophy. In the current debates, it is said that it must be shown why any particular state can legitimately make a claim for territorial rights regarding any particular piece of land (particularity justification).

  In this paper, I examine Moore’s arguments, which places emphasis on explaining the relationship between land and people. Moore’s conception of an agent who can claim for a territorial right is not a cultural group but a political one. Can we really assume that a political group that does not share their culture can be an agent of territorial rights? In this paper, referring to David Miller’s arguments, I would like to show that the relationship among a particular land, its natural environment, and the culture of the agent group that has been shaped through being influenced by its environment, at least partly constitutes both the individual identity of the group member and the collective identity of the group. I will then argue that environment and culture are important elements to take into consideration in the normative theory of territorial rights. In doing so, I would like to scrutinize the relationship between “place” and people, with reference to theoretical findings of cultural geography and environmental psychology.