Gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow was observed in two cases of anorexia nervosa. Electron microscopic observation revealed an amorphous substance in the intercellular spaces and histochemical analysis identified it to be acid mucopolysaccharide. Blue-green granules in marrow hitiocytes were observed in one case. Acanthocytosis was observed in both cases. These marrow and blood changes were rapidly normalized after the nutritional improvement in both cases.

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A 67-year-old housewife, who had a history of rheumatoid arthritis since 1984, was admitted to the hospital in June 1988 because of lassitude, anorexia, visual and auricular disturbance, dizziness and gait disturbance for 14 months.
Physical examination showed marked anemia of the eyelids, facial “butterfly rashes”, erythrodermia over the trunk and extremities, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly 4cm and splenomegaly 4cm, bilateral swelling of the wrists, elbows, knees and feet.
Blood count showed RBC 225×10⁴/μl, Hb 6.8g/dl, WBC 16, 100/μl (Neutrophils 20%, Basophils 1%, Lymphocytes 79%) and platelets 12.3×10⁴/μl. The blood film showed lymphocytosis and remarkable “rouleau formations”; lymphocytosis were present in the bone marrow. Lymphocyte surface marker studies comfirmed the B cell lymphoid nature.
The total serum protein was 10.1g/dl, with 4.8g of a significant increase of monoclonal globulin: IgM kappa chain. Serological tests for C-reactive protein were 12.3mg/dl, erythrocyte sedimentation-rate (E.S.R.) 187mm/h, the rheumatoid factor strongly positive, the rheumatoid arthritis hemagglutination test 10, 485, 760, the antinuclear antibody (ANA) 40, two lupus erythematosus (LE) preps negative.
A lymph node biopsy revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; diffuse, mixed type (LSG classification). Lymphocyte surface marker studies confirmed the T cell lymphoid nature; OKT-3 70.8%, OKT-4 59.2%.
She was treated with mild chemotherapy (MEPA combination chemotherapy) and plasmapheresis and interferon therapy. Two months later she had a complete remission of T-cell lymphoma. She developed fulminant hepatitis and died in March 1989.
Rearrangements of the beta chain of the T-cell receptor gene and the immunoglobulin gene by Southern Blot Analysis were not detected in lymph node cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes.

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A 29-year-old man with hypergammaglobulinemia and generalized lymphadenopathy with polyclonal proliferation of plasma cells is described.
He was admitted to our hospital because of varices in his popliteal region and generalized lymphnodes swelling.
Laboratory findings showed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, slight anemia, and marked hypergammaglobulinemia.
Neither M-protein nor Bence-Jones protein was detected by immunoelectrophoresis.
Lymphnode biopsy revealed follicular hyperplasia and proliferation of plasma cells in the interfollicular area.
There is no atypia and no monoclonality in the proliferating plasma cells.
There is no monoclonality in the cell surface marker study of the lymphnode.
Low natural killer cell activity and low OKT4/OKT8 ratio ware detected in peripheral blood, lymphnode, and bone marrow materials of the patient.
There may be dysfunctions of the T cells that controls the proliferation and differentiation of antibody producing B cells.
Steroid therapy had little effect and he has been observed by conservative therapy alone for 4 years without significant progression of the disease.

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Langerhans cells are dendritic cells present in the epidermis with antigen-presenting capacities. We performed a quantitative analysis of Langerhans cell density in the anterior median chest skin of 286 autopsy cases (aged 0-88 yr). Langerhans cells were identified by an immuno-peroxidase technique for the visualization of S-100 protein and their densities were expressed as Langerhans cell number per epidermal surface area (cells/mm²).
As results of this study, 1) Langerhans cell densities reached their peak in the age of 10s to 30s, and were age-related declined in the density; 302.2±45.4 (mean±SE) versus 130.1±17.5/mm² (respectively aged 20s versus 80s). 2) Morphologically dendritic processes of Langerhans cells were reduced with age after 60s, accompanied by the age-related thining of the epidermis.
The above findings suggest that immunological surveillance may be impaired in the aged-skin. These age-related changes may contribute to the increased susceptibility to cutaneous infection and development of skin cancer in elderly individuals.

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A 36-year-old male developed systemic lymphadenopathy with Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia.
Histological diagnosis of the biopsied lymph node was undetermined, and suspected of reactive lymphadenopathy probably due to viral infection. The symptoms spontaneously disappeared within a half year.
Systemic lymphadenopathy recurred 4 years later without hemolytic anemia and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Biopsied lymph node was diagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The lack of manifestation of immunological abnormalities at the neoplastic stage of the disease suggests the probable different clonal origins of cells proliferating in the lymph node biopsied initially. The patient achieved complete remission by CHOP therapy, and remains free of disease a year to date.

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We present electron-microscopic findings of malignant lymphomas with diffuse Ki-1 expression in six adult patients; four of them showed positivity for anti-HTLV-1 antibody and three of them showed T-cell markers in their neoplastic cells simultaneously.
Ultrastructural features of these tumors were; 1) close attachment of neoplastic cells by forming microvillous cytoplasmic projections (4 cases), 2) marked indentation of nuclear membrane with occasional formation of nuclear lobulation or pockets (6 cases), 3) conspicuous large nucleoli (6 cases), 4) abundant polysomes throughout the cytoplasm associated with rather narrow predifferentiated rough endoplasmic reticulum, giving an impression of immature cells (4 cases), and 5) peculiar granulovesicular inclusions (4 cases).
In addition, there were some varieties in the chromatin pattern of their nuclei and in the degree of development of organelles. In the cases without T-cell markers, sinusoidal involvement of tumor cells was observed.
These findings indicate that there is a marked variety in the differentiation of the neoplastic cells in these malignant lymphomas with Ki-1 expression. The microvillous cytoplasmic projection may play important role for resemblance of these tumor cells to those of epithelial ones.

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The aim of the present study is to evaluate what relationship between the collagen deposit and the number of connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) is found in the tissues of thyroid cancers. CTMCs were stained with Toluidine Blue. Other stromal cells were also immunostained with the respective antibodies such as anti-T cell, anti-B cell and anti-Lysozyme. The number of CTMCs in the periphery of thyroid cancer increased apparently in contrast with that of both thyroid adenomas and adenomatous goiters. The increase of collagenous fiber was also found both in the center and periphery of thyroid cancers as the increase of the number of CTMCs was observed in the periphery. Thyroid cancers were classified into five morphological types, which we called “Morphological classification”, and there was the statistically close correlation between the number of CTMCs and these five types. On the other hand, T cells apparently predominated B cells, and CD4 predominated CD8 in the periphery of thyroid cancers. Though it is assumed that the interaction between the macrophage and fibroblast is essential in the fibrosis, our data also suggest that there is the close relationship between the increase of collagen deposit and the increase of the number of CTMCs in thyroid cancer stromata.

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To investigate the origin of chick macrophages, we studied the yolk sac and embryo, respectively. In vivo study, the immature macrophage was firstly observed in the stage 11-yolk sac by electron microscopy. In vitro, the mesodermal cells of the stage 5-yolk sac have differentiated into macrophages in liquid culture and produced macrophage colonies (CFU-Ms) in collagen gel. Furthermore, they have possessed Fc receptors and expressed the immunophagocytosis. In addition, the CFU-M and macrophage were also found in the stage12-embryo-derived cells in vitro. It was concluded that in early development, the CFU-M and macrophage were present in the yolk sac and embryo, respectively. Furthermore, in liquid culture, the CFU-M yields derived from the yolk sac were maintained at least for 60 days. It suggests that even in hatched chicks, macrophages originating from both the yolk sac and embryo may still be alive.

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Postthymic T-cell malignancy shows marked clinicopathologic, and prognostic diversity. The histological findings and clinical behavior of 249 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, morphologically subcassified according to the classification by Suchi et al. (1987), were investigated. These patients comprised 156 men and 73 women with age range 2 to 90 years of age (median 52). They had frequent skin lesions, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, hypercalcemia, and a rapid clinical course. Furthermore, corresponding the differences in the histologic features of each categories were differences in the clinical pictures. Morphological classification based on the classification by Suchi et al. showed prognostic correlation, and there was no significant difference in prognosis between anti-HTLV-I antibody (ATLA)-positive and negative groups of high grade lymphoma.

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