This paper addressed the motion of passive dynamic walking mechanism on a flat floor. We made a simple linkage machine which omits ankle joints, knee joints and an upper body, in our previous works, we have proposed the consistency of natural frequencies in swing and rocking motion is important for energy-effective passive walking. In this paper, we discussed on the damping of rocking motion and unexpected waist motion. The damping of rocking motion causes the shortening of rocking period. We showed this issue may be improved by the adjustment of the distance between soles. Then, we showed the sub-system which moves like an upper body is effective for avoiding the unexpected waist motion. Sub-system on the waist makes the motion of swing and waist in-phase. Therefore, the steps of test machine may be increased.

抄録全体を表示

Owing to aging, the traffic accident, etc., leg inconvenient persons increase in number and many wheelchairs are used as a move means. However, a step and stairs are serious obstacles in that case. So, in order to break down an obstacle actively from person itself who is in a wheelchair, the wheelchair which going up and down stairs capability is developing. It corresponded to various stairs containing especially narrow and a steep slope stairs, without the care provider take, in order to particular note of man's reassurance and safety, and the leg and the wheel composite type were adopted and the cylinder was used as its motivity. In the model, in consideration of man's center of gravity, a simulation etc. performed and the norm of a main part design created.

抄録全体を表示

There are "overload principle" and "specificity principle", as an important element in strength training. But, it is difficult to train specificity by strength training using conventional training machine. Then, this research aims at strength training with emphasis on both by carrying out development of the machine to which load can be changed actively, and its training method. In this paper, we developed such strength training equipment, and show the result of the measurement experiment conducted using this.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study was to show the kinematical characteristics of ankle joint motion between relative roads in treadmill running. Relative roads were defined by ventilation threshold (VT) of each subject, running speeds were VT corresponding speed (V_0), 20%exceeding V_0 (V_20), and 40% exceeding V_0 (V_40). Seven male subjects ran in same kind shoes in 5% incline running. Three-dimensional kinematics of the ankle joint were measured at 15 minutes in running with Aleblad's method. It was found that abduction angle increased with an increase in planter flexion angle from maximum dorsi flexion in especially V_0, and maximum dorsi flexion angle showed the tendency to become large when abduction angle was small. In addition, in V_20, variation of inter-subjects was comparatively large.

抄録全体を表示

In gait rehabilitation, it is very useful to measure 3-dimerntinal human motion for understanding the state of improvement in the ambulatory function and selecting appropriate menu of rehabilitation. Three-dimensional motion measurement with multi-camera system has been successfully used for human motion analysis. However, it is very expensive and it needs time consuming calibration. In this paper, we develop a simple and cheap three-dimensional human motion analysis method using monocular motion measurement. Some experiments are carried out and it can be seen that three dimensional human motion can be measured simply in considerable accuracy by using proposed method.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, we investigate riding comfort and stability for vibration input by a bumpy road surface. An analytical model is constructed, providing guidelines for reducing motorcycle vibration and improving instability phenomena in simulations. Front and rear suspension systems and steering damper are applied to parameters for reducing vibration and improving instability behavior. We perform a rider's sensory evaluation test to determine what happens to riding comfort when motorcycle characteristics change. By applying the fuzzy set theory to sensory evaluation test, it is possible to include the ambiguity of rider sensitivity. Results of investigating relationships between motorcycle vibration and riding comfort suggested that the rider's sensitivity was important element for motorcycle characteristic modification.

抄録全体を表示

The aim of this paper is the development of a dynamic design technique for the surf casting rod in order to maximize the flying distance of a sinker. The surf casting rod is modeled by a Nonlinear Multibody Dynamics method. The model is verified by the calculus of the resonance frequency and the modal forms of the fishing rod. Next, the model is checked under the throwing-in operation mode, by using Multibody Dynamics of the surf casting rod and the fishing line. Then, the model is used to examine how the flying distance of a sinker is influenced when the position of paying-out fishing line or the characteristics of the surf casting rod are changed. Finally, one proves that such analysis is applicable as a dynamic design technique for the surf casting rod under the restriction of maximizing the flying distance of a sinker.

抄録全体を表示

This paper describes development of a distributed-type sensor and the application example of the sensor. This sensor arranges many sensor elements that can measure a traiaxial force on the same plane. Therefore, the action force can be measured with the distribution of the three components of force vector. Then, in this research, prototype of a sensor was made, and the basic performance was verified. Experimental results prove the validity of the sensor elements' output values. In addition, it was shown that this sensor was useful in field of the sports engineering and the rehabilitation by showing the application example of this sensor.

抄録全体を表示

Development of sporting equipment made considerable advance for CAE (computer-aided engineering). CAE is a computer simulation method for measuring the characteristic of dynamics from the design of the appearance of sporting equipment. Many such evaluation methods are studied by various organizations. Most of these methods evaluate the physical characteristics of the sporting equipment. However, they do not consider the preference of players when a player evaluates the sporting equipment. And demands based on the personal preference of each player are very important in producing many different kinds of sporting equipment. In other words, an evaluation method baced on human subjectivity is needed in order to support the development of sporting equipment. In this research, the authors consider that player evaluation is related to the physical characteristics and investigate the evaluation process. In the model, a fuzzy neuro system that deals with the human subjectivity is used. The author's propose that an evaluation method of sporting equipment based on human subjectivity in order to support the development of sporting equipment.

抄録全体を表示

The main goal of this study is to establish the instrumentation system which enables kinematics analysis of snowboarding turns on an outside snow field and to analyze and evaluate the kinetics. The instrumentation system consists of the 6-axis force sensor which measures reaction force from the snow surface, motion tracking sensor to obtain the movement data of upper body and lower limb and image analysis system which can provide kinematics data of snowboarder on wide range. By applying this instrumentation system, the quantification of physical exertion on each phase of a snowboard turn and the estimation of joint moments were performed. The fact that this instrumentation system can analyze major feature of snowboarding turn makes it an effective method for suggesting more ideal turn form, prevention of the disorder and injury from snowboarding and development of snowboarding kits such as board and binding and so on.

抄録全体を表示

We made the skiing robot using a microcomputer, a servo motor, an acceleration sensor, and a one-axis gyroscope sensor for research of skiing operation. The robot detects a direction angle by the gyroscope sensor, and can do control of an edging angle, a center-of-gravity movement, an alpine and a telemark style movement. In the present paper, about mechanism and operation method of the developed ski robot is presented. And the relations between turning motion of a ski and skiing operation have been investigated using a ski robot. The turning ski trucks of a ski robot are measured by a digital video camera. Under the conditions by which a position of the center of gravity in ski robot was moved to front or back, we obtained the result of that position's influencing to turning ski trucks.

抄録全体を表示

Such turning motion when skidding is made possible by centripetal forces acting on the ski and skier dynamic motion systems; being resistance forces which arise due to the skier placing the ski's longitudinal axis at an angle inclined away from the velocity vector and simultaneously edging the ski into the snow. This study experimentally investigates the resistance forces by a cutting tool with negative rake angles and inclination angles simulating a ski edge using packed snow. The data measured under the comparatively high-speed condition showed that speed, an attack angle and an edging angle affected snow resistance forces.

抄録全体を表示

This study compares the new larger 40 mm ball with the 38 mm ball in terms of the impact force, the contact time, the deformation of the ball and rubber, the coefficient of restitution and the rebound power coefficient associated with the impact between the table tennis racket and the ball when the impact velocity and the impact locations on the racket face are given. It is based on the predicted results using the experimentally identified dynamic characteristics of the ball-racket system and the approximate nonlinear impact analysis.

抄録全体を表示

This paper describes the simulation result of the flight trajectory of a punt kicked rugby ball on the basis of aerodynamic forces acting on a non-spinning ball. Wind tunnel tests with a full size model were carried out to measure the aerodynamic forces. It was found that the side force coefficient depends on the seam position except for an angle of attack of 0°, and there appear 4 cycles for one rotation of the seam position at the angle of attack of 90°. The simulated flight trajectory of the ball with lower spin rate fluctuates seemingly irregularly in the lateral direction. The amplitude of the fluctuation is several centimeters.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study is clarify the characteristics of the joint torque and muscle force on kicking led in instep kick, inside kick and infront kick using 3D motion capture system. The muscle forces were calculated by a muscular-skeletal model using inverse dynamics. The results may be summarized as follows. 1) The hip joint torque after impact in infront kick was lager than that in instep kick and inside kick. 2) The hip joint torque of external rotation before impact in inside kick was larger than that in instep kick and infront kick. 3) It was tendency that the muscular force of magnus and longus in infront kick were larger than that in instep kick.

抄録全体を表示

SNAP is a computerized notation analysis system for soccer player and team performance. It has the capacity for measuring players' movements off the ball, although many other analysis systems do not. In this study we planned to implement a subsystem which evaluates the performance of a defensive system in SNAP. Then we defined some defensive tactics in two popular formations (four backs and three backs), and examined whether defenders ware able to carry out these tactics during attacks from the opposing team.

抄録全体を表示

We believe that movements off the ball are important factors to create shooting chances during a match. To measure movements off the ball, a game analysis system SNAP was developed in 2002. SNAP is capable of computing defined positive movements off the ball from input data, such as the ball and players' positions on the pitch. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of movements off the ball in order to create shooting chances by evaluating quantitative data obtained from SNAP. The data that we analyzed from three J-league games showed that there was a higher frequency of positive movements off the ball by the attacking side before shooting.

抄録全体を表示

This paper describes foot pressure distribution at changing running direction in turf ground. The subject have done experiment three times on both shoes and soccer spikes shoes. The foot image during contact tuff ground was analyzed with two high speed cameras (Photron me). The foot pressure distribution data were acquired using footsacn (footscan, Rs scan Inc). It was tendency that foot pressure on out side in shoes larger than that in spikes shoes at passive and active phase. It was confirmed that heel marker velocity in shoes was faster than that in spikes shoes.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study was to compare standing and sliding tackling in skilled player with those in unskilled player. The ground reaction force (GRF) was recorded by a force platform (Kistlar, Inc.). The position of the markers was determined using a 60Hz Vicon motion analysis system (Oxford Metrics, Inc.). Synchronization of these systems were done with 60 Hz timing. It was tendency that marker velocity of hip, knee and ankle joint in skilled player was larger than those in unskilled player. It was confirmed that skilled player position was lower than unskilled player position.

抄録全体を表示