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NIHON HEIKATSUKINGAKKAIZASSI

Journal of smooth muscle research Japanese section

Volume And Issue List
Journal of Smooth Muscle Research
- Vol.52(2016)
- Vol.51(2015)
- Vol.50(2014)
- Vol.49(2013)
- Vol.48(2012)
- Vol.47(2011)
- Vol.46(2010)
- Vol.45(2009)
- Vol.44(2008)
- Vol.43(2007)
- Vol.42(2006)
- Vol.41(2005)
- Vol.40(2004)
- Vol.39(2003)
- Vol.38(2002)
- Vol.37(2001)
- Vol.36(2000)
- Vol.35(1999)
- Vol.34(1998)
- Vol.33(1997)
- Vol.32(1996)
- Vol.31(1995)
- Vol.30(1994)
- Vol.29(1993)
- Vol.28(1992)
- Vol.27(1991)

Predecessor

Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research

Journal of Smooth Muscle Research Vol. 52(2016)

Original

TRPA1-dependent regulation of bladder detrusor smooth muscle contractility in normal and type I diabetic rats

Igor B. Philyppov, Oksana N. Paduraru, Kseniya L. Gulak, Roman Skryma, Natalia Prevarskaya, Yaroslav M. Shuba

Released: March 02, 2016

p.1-17

TRPA1 is a Ca²⁺-permeable cation channel that is activated by painful low temperatures (<17°C), irritating chemicals, reactive metabolites and mediators of inflammation. In the bladder TRPA1 is predominantly expressed in sensory afferent nerve endings, where it mediates sensory transduction. The contractile effect of its activation on detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) is explained by the release from sensory afferents of inflammatory factors – tachykinins and prostaglandins, which cause smooth muscle cell contraction. Diabetes is a systemic disease, with common complications being diabetic cystopathies and urinary incontinence. However, data on how diabetes affects bladder contractility associated with TRPA1 activation are not available. In this study, by using a rat model with streptozotocin-induced type I diabetes, contractility measurements of DSM strips in response to TRPA1-activating and modulating pharmacological agents and assessment of TRPA1 mRNA expression in bladder-innervating dorsal root ganglia, we have shown that diabetes enhances the TRPA1-dependent mechanism involved in bladder DSM contractility. This is not due to changes in TRPA1 expression, but mainly due to the general inflammatory reaction caused by diabetes. The latter leads to an increase in cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin synthesis through the mechanisms associated with substance P activity. This results in the enhanced functional coupling between the tachykinin and prostanoid systems, and the concomitant increase of their impact on DSM contractility in response to TRPA1 activation.

Original

Resveratrol can both enhance and relax adrenergic contractions of the rat tail artery

Sayra M. Stom, Laura E. Phelps, Jacob D. Peuler

Released: March 02, 2016

p.18-35

Our aims were to determine 1) if resveratrol’s vasorelaxant action is greater in the distal (resistance) versus proximal (conductance) portion of the rat tail artery, and 2) if it can be blocked by agents known to block different potassium (K) channels in arterial smooth muscle. We found that its half-maximally effective concentration values were essentially identical (25 ± 3 versus 27 ± 3 μM) for relaxing adrenergically-precontracted rings prepared from distal versus proximal tissues. This does not confirm a previous report of greater relaxation in resistance versus conductance arteries. We also found that its relaxation could not be blocked by any of seven different K channel blockers. However, we uncovered a novel unanticipated action not yet reported. In half our arterial ring preparations, resveratrol transiently enhanced adrenergically-induced precontractions beginning well before its sustained relaxant effect became apparent. This action provides the first reasonable explanation for previously unexplained increases in arterial pressures observed during acute intravenous administration of resveratrol to animal models of traumatic ischemic tissue injury, in which hypotension is often present and in need of correction. Also unanticipated, this same transient enhancement of adrenergic contraction was notably inhibited by some of the same K channel blockers (particularly tetraethylammonium and glibenclamide) that failed to influence its relaxant effect. Although we do not rule out smooth muscle as a possible site for such a paradoxical finding, we suspect resveratrol could also be acting on K-selective mechano-sensitive ion channels located in the endothelium where they may participate in release of contracting factors.

Original

Effects of straight alkyl chain, extra hydroxylated alkyl chain and branched chain amino acids on gastric emptying evaluated using a non-invasive breath test in conscious rats

Masayuki Uchida, Orie Kobayashi, Kaori Iwasawa, Kimiko Shimizu

Released: May 10, 2016

p.36-44

Aim: Some amino acids been known to influence gastric emptying. Thus we have evaluated the effects of straight alkyl chain, extra hydroxylated alkyl chain and branched chain amino acids on gastric emptying. Materials and Methods: Gastric emptying was evaluated in rats after feeding with Racol (nutrient formulae) containing [1-¹³C] acetic acid. Using a breath test, the content of ¹³CO₂ in their expired air was measured by infrared analyzers. Rats were orally administered with test amino acids, while control rats were administered orally with distilled water. Results: The expired ¹³CO₂ content in the expired air increased with time, peaked after about 30 min and decreased thereafter. Among the amino acids having an alkyl chain, l-serine, l-alanine and l-glycine, significantly decreased the ¹³CO₂ content and Cmax, and delayed Tmax, suggesting inhibition and delay of gastric emptying. AUC_120min values of l-alanine and l-glycine also decreased significantly. l-Threonine significantly decreased ¹³CO₂ content and delayed Tmax, but had no influence on Cmax and AUC_120min values, suggesting a delay of gastric emptying. l-Isoleucine and l-leucine and l-valine significantly decreased ¹³CO₂ content, suggesting inhibition of the gastric emptying, but Cmax, Tmax and AUC_120min values were not significantly affected. Conclusion: The results show that the amino acids used in the present study had different effects on gastric emptying. Moreover, it was found that inhibition and delay of gastric emptying were clearly classifiable by analyzing the change in ¹³CO₂ content of the expired air and the Cmax, Tmax and AUC_120min values.

Invited Review

Highly sensitive myosin phosphorylation analysis in the renal afferent arteriole

Kosuke Takeya

Released: July 01, 2016

p.45-55

The regulation of smooth muscle contraction and relaxation involves phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of regulatory proteins, particularly myosin. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms, analyzing the phosphorylation signal transduction is crucial. Although a pharmacological approach with selective inhibitors is sensitive and a useful technique, it leads to speculation regarding a signaling pathway but does not provide direct evidence of changes at a molecular level. We developed a highly sensitive biochemical technique to analyze phosphorylation by adapting Phos-tag SDS-PAGE. With this technique, we successfully analyzed myosin light chain (LC₂₀) phosphorylation in tiny renal afferent arterioles. In the rat afferent arterioles, endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced diphosphorylation of LC₂₀ at Ser19 and Thr18 as well as monophosphorylation at Ser19 via ET_B receptor activation. Considering that LC₂₀ diphosphorylation can decrease the rate of dephosphorylation and thus relaxation, we concluded that LC₂₀ diphosphorylation contributes, at least in part, to the prolonged contraction induced by ET-1 in the renal afferent arteriole.

Original

Influence of amino acids on gastric adaptive relaxation (accommodation) in rats as evaluated with a barostat

Masayuki Uchida, Chizuru Iwamoto

Released: August 25, 2016

p.56-65

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of selected straight alkyl chain, hydroxylated chain and branched chain amino acids on gastric adaptive relaxation, as these have previously been shown to have differing effects on gastric emptying. Materials and Methods: Gastric adaptive relaxation was evaluated using a barostat in rats under urethane anesthesia. The pressure within the balloon, introduced from the mouth to the stomach, was changed stepwise from 1 to 8 mmHg. The increased volume just after the increase of balloon pressure was defined as distension-induced gastric adaptive relaxation (accommodation). Amino acids were administered orally or intravenously. Results: As compared with control rats administered with distilled water, those rats that were orally administered amino acids having straight alkyl chain and extra hydroxylated alkyl chain, such as glycine and l-serine, had significantly enhanced gastric adaptive relaxation, but administration of l-alanine and l-threonine did not. Branched chain amino acids, such as l-isoleucine, l-leucine and l-valine, also did not significantly influence gastric adaptive relaxation. Glycine and l-serine showed the same efficacy when administered intravenously. Conclusion: Among the amino acids evaluated in the present study, glycine and l-serine significantly enhanced gastric adaptive relaxation, suggesting that short alkyl chain amino acids may enhance gastric adaptive relaxation as compared with the other amino acids. These findings may suggest that glycine and l-serine would be useful in the therapy of functional dyspepsia, especially for early satiety, because the dysfunction of adaptive relaxation is one of the causes of early satiety.

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Successor

Volume And Issue List
Journal of Smooth Muscle Research

Predecessor

Journal of Smooth Muscle Research Vol. 52(2016)

Original

TRPA1-dependent regulation of bladder detrusor smooth muscle contractility in normal and type I diabetic rats

Original

Resveratrol can both enhance and relax adrenergic contractions of the rat tail artery

Original

Effects of straight alkyl chain, extra hydroxylated alkyl chain and branched chain amino acids on gastric emptying evaluated using a non-invasive breath test in conscious rats

Invited Review

Highly sensitive myosin phosphorylation analysis in the renal afferent arteriole

Original

Influence of amino acids on gastric adaptive relaxation (accommodation) in rats as evaluated with a barostat

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Successor

Volume And Issue List Journal of Smooth Muscle Research

Predecessor

Journal of Smooth Muscle Research Vol. 52(2016)

Original

TRPA1-dependent regulation of bladder detrusor smooth muscle contractility in normal and type I diabetic rats

Original

Resveratrol can both enhance and relax adrenergic contractions of the rat tail artery

Original

Effects of straight alkyl chain, extra hydroxylated alkyl chain and branched chain amino acids on gastric emptying evaluated using a non-invasive breath test in conscious rats

Invited Review

Highly sensitive myosin phosphorylation analysis in the renal afferent arteriole

Original

Influence of amino acids on gastric adaptive relaxation (accommodation) in rats as evaluated with a barostat

System Maintenance

Announcement From J-STAGE

Journal Tools

Share this Title

Volume And Issue List
Journal of Smooth Muscle Research