Langerhans cell histiocytosis （LCH） is a rare disease characterized by the monoclonal proliferation of Langerhans cells that invade the bones, lungs, lymph nodes, and central nervous system. The pathophysiology of LCH is variable. It commonly occurs in children, with rare onset in the elderly. Jawbone involvement in LCH is rarely observed. We report the case of an elderly patient diagnosed with LCH due to an intractable painful mass in the maxillary gingiva. A 68-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of left maxillary gingival pain. He had a history of diabetes insipidus, was diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, and was treated for five months without improvement. At the first visit, a left-sided maxillary gingival mass with swelling and pain was observed. Panoramic radiography revealed significant bone resorption at the site of the gingival mass and LCH was diagnosed after biopsy. After consultation with an oncologist, the maxillary mass was resected, and the patient’s pain resolved with no evidence of early recurrence. Computed tomography （CT） showed multiple penetrating images in the skull; however, the patient had no other clinical symptoms. Follow-up was performed for ten months after resection, and there was no recurrence or appearance of new lesions.

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Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma and ameloblastic fibrodentinoma were deleted from the 2017 WHO classification, 4th edition, of odontogenic tumors and were described as developing odontomas. The 2024, 5th edition states that ameloblastic fibro-odontoma and ameloblastic fibrodentinoma are histologically and genetically intermediate between ameloblastic fibroma and odontoma. We encountered a patient with ameloblastic fibro-odontoma under the 2005 WHO classification, 3rd edition. We report the case with a review of the literature in Japanese, with regard to differences among ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, ameloblastic fibrodentinoma, ameloblastic fibroma and odontoma.
The patient was a 9-year-old girl who was brought to our hospital for a chief complaint of swelling of the right cheek. A 50-mm radiolucent lesion with a clear boundary was noted in the right lower molar region over the mandibular ramus and a radiopaque region was present in the lesion. The lesion was enucleated and diagnosed as ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. Seven years after the operation, the clinical course is good, and there is no evidence of recurrence.
In past literature, the characteristics of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma and ameloblastic fibrodentinoma differed from those of ameloblastic fibroma and odontoma. Thus, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma or ameloblastic fibrodentinoma should continue to be clearly described with the current diagnosis for the purpose of future research.

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We report a case of a surgical ciliated cyst that developed after Le Fort Ⅰ osteotomy with an absorbable plate. A 35-year-old woman who underwent a Le Fort Ⅰ osteotomy in 2017 was referred to our hospital because of swelling and pain at the bottom of the left nasal cavity. Computed tomography revealed a single-chamber transmission image on the inferior margin of the piriform aperture. The patient was treated surgically under general anesthesia. The thin bone wall between the cystic cavity and the maxilla was removed, and thick fibrous tissue was observed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and there were no signs of recurrence. Histopathological findings revealed a surgical ciliated cyst lined by multi-lineage hairy epithelium and squamous epithelium.

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Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect （FOBMD） is an area that exhibits radiolucency, corresponding to the presence of hematopoietic bone marrow tissue in the bone. We report a case of FOBMD in the mandible.
The patient was a 71-year-old man. A panoramic radiograph taken for maintenance of dental implants placed in the mandibular right molar region showed a circular translucent image with a calcification-like shadow inside at the apical area of the vital tooth. Dental cone beam CT showed mild thinning of the buccolingual cortical bone surrounding the lesion, but there was no bone expansion. The patient had no subjective symptoms. A biopsy was carried out based on a clinical diagnosis of suspected mandibular bone tumor. A bone cavity was observed at the lesion, there were bone-like hard tissue and a small amount of red muddy tissue inside the cavity. Portions of the bone-like hard tissue and muddy tissue were sampled. They were histopathologically fragmented trabecular bone and bone marrow tissue. In the bone marrow tissue, adipose tissue was mixed, and trabecular bone was also observed. FOBMD was diagnosed. A panoramic radiograph taken 6 months after the biopsy showed recovery of the trabecular bone structure.

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We report a rare case of osseous choristoma in the buccal space. Osseous choristoma is a tumor-like lesion of bone tissue in an irregular location, but rarely occurs in the soft tissue of the oral cavity. A man in his forties presented to our department for extraction of his wisdom teeth. Panorama radiographs and computed tomography incidentally showed two osseous lesions in the left buccal space. The clinical diagnosis was suspected osseous choristoma. Surgical excision was performed under general anesthesia. The histopathological diagnosis was osseous choristoma. Currently, five years have passed since the surgery, and no recurrence has been detected.

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Supernumerary teeth and odontomas are relatively common in clinical practice. However, the occurrence of three or more supernumerary teeth in a single patient is rare in healthy individuals, and there have been very few reports of coexistence with odontoma.
In the present study, we report a case of multiple supernumerary teeth in the bilateral maxillae with odontoma.
The patient was a 28-year-old male. He was referred to our department for the extraction of multiple embedded teeth. Imaging examination revealed one tooth in the right maxillary wisdom tooth area, two teeth in the left maxillary wisdom tooth area, and one tooth in the right maxillary canine area, as well as odontoma-like opacities.
Based on the clinical diagnoses of multiple supernumerary teeth and odontoma, the patient underwent extraction of the bilateral maxillary and maxillary impacted wisdom teeth, right maxillary impacted canine tooth, and excess impacted tooth, and removal of the odontoma under general anesthesia.
The postoperative course was good, and the patient continues to be followed up.

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We report a case of a large papilloma of the tongue. The patient was a 61-year-old man who had been aware of a 60×35×30mm sized elastic soft mass on the left lingual border. The tongue was compressed to the right side, suggesting decline of oral function. A tissue biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis was papilloma. Resection of the tongue tumor was performed under general anesthesia. Postoperative examination of oral function showed marked improvement, and the patient’s course was good with no recurrence.

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Myofibroma is a rare benign tumor that can occur as a solitary or multiple lesions in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, soft tissues, bones, or internal organs. Its occurrence in the maxillofacial region is extremely uncommon. Typically, myofibromas present as solitary or multiple lesions in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of infants or children, with solitary cases being approximately three times more common than multiple cases. We report a case of a solitary myofibroma in the mandible of a child. A 12-year-old girl was referred to our department by a local dental clinic with a suspected tumor of the right mandibular gingiva, following her initial complaint of swelling in the distal gingiva of the right mandibular first molar. Clinical examination revealed a well-demarcated mass measuring 12×15mm in the molar region of the mandible. Imaging showed a clearly defined, smooth-margined, oval-shaped radiolucent lesion extending from the distal aspect of the right mandibular second molar to the anterior portion of the mandibular ramus. The lesion was excised under general anesthesia with a clinical diagnosis of a mandibular tumor. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of myofibroma. Based on intraoperative findings, the lesion was considered to have originated not from the mandible itself, but from the adjacent soft tissues near the mandibular bone. Whole-body CT performed postoperatively showed no evidence of tumors in other regions. One year after surgery, the patient remains recurrence-free and in good condition.

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