Japanese Journal of Social Psychology

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages Cover7-
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724908

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (1112K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages App7-
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724909

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (1533K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages Toc5-
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724910

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (738K)
The construction of the meaning of acquired severe motor disabilities : The life-stories of persons with spinal cord injuries

Masakuni TAGAKI

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 159-174
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724911

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the construction of meaning of acquired severe motor disabilities from the perspective of life-span development. The author conducted semistructured interviews with ten males who had sustained traumatic spinal cord injuries, with a history of more than ten years. The data were analyzed qualitatively, focusing on how the subjects reconstructed their post-injury and present lives. As a result, many subjects told repeated resolution of problems that arose from disabilities. Aspects that they considered positive in their present lives were : (1) better jobs or a deeper understanding of persons with disabilities than before ; (2) happier family life relative to earlier stages since sustaining the injuries ; or (3) better economical stability than other people. They interpreted issues regarding their disabilities as non-threatening to their present lives. Overall, their life-stories suggested that their present lives had become better. In particular, those who mentioned the above aspect (1), were more likely to construct a causal relationship between their injuries and the positive view of their present lives.

View full abstract

Download PDF (22256K)
Trust as a signal in relations with temporary partners

Rie MASHIMA, Toshio YAMAGISHI, Masahumi MATSUDA

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 175-183
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724912

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of trust in relationships between temporary partners. In this study, we predicted that trust would play a "signaling" role in promoting mutual cooperation, even in relationships with unfixed or temporary partners. To examine this prediction, we conducted an experiment using two different games. We used the repeated PD/D (prisoner's dilemma with choice of dependence) game, which can measure trusting behavior independently from cooperation. Also, we used the ordinary PD game in which there is no option for trust. Seventy participants were assigned to either the PD/D condition or the ordinary PD condition. In both conditions, players interacted with a randomly matched partner in each trial. The results reveal that the cooperation rate in the PD/D game was significantly higher than that in the PD game. Such a finding indicates that trust serves as a signal of the player's intention, which in turn, promotes mutual cooperation. However, in a similar experiment in which players interacted with the same partner, Matsuda & Yamagishi (2001) found a much lower cooperation rate in the PD/D condition than what was found in this experiment. Therefore, we conclude that the role of trust in non-fixed relationships has only a limited effect for promoting mutual cooperation.

View full abstract

Download PDF (14368K)
Social psychological determinants of appearance-disappearance of transitional objects : Focusing on nursing environment and marital stress

Hiromi IKEUCHI, Takehiro FUJIHARA

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 184-194
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724913

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

"A transitional object" is the first possession that an infant places a special attachment toward, which is not part of him/herself. Typical examples are towels, blankets and teddy bears. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of appearance and disappearance of transitional objects with a special focus on the two factors of "nursing environment" and "marital stress." Two-hundred-and-eleven mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire survey through personal interviews. The main findings were as follows : (1) Transitional objects appeared in bottle-fed infants more often than breast-fed infants ; (2) Infants with younger siblings parted with their transitional objects later than those with older siblings and those without any siblings ; (3) Most transitional objects tended to appear simultaneously with the mothers' stopping breastfeeding ; (4) Transitional objects tended to appear in infants whose mothers had a stressful relationship with their husbands, relative to those who did not. Based on these findings, the "Transitional Object Acquiring Process Model" was presented.

View full abstract

Download PDF (17485K)
What is indicated by the above-average effect? Effects of ease/difficulty of acquiring traits or abilities to be judged

Eriko KUDO

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 195-208
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724914

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Kruger (1999) has shown that the above-average effect occurs because people cannot take into account of other peoples' abilities, and instead they rely on their own abilities when they evaluate themselves relative to others. Kruger also has shown that the below-average effect appears when the absolute level of 9 person's abilities is low. Two studies were conducted to examine whether the same mechanism can apply to : (1) trait judgments ; (2) negative traits ; and (3) Japanese participants. The results revealed that the occurrence of above or below average effects were basically dependent on the relative ease or difficulty of possessing (or not possessing) each trait. In addition, various types of measurements were employed and compared in these studies. Results of correlations with self-esteem revealed that : (1) comparing oneself with the average person, and comparing the average person with oneself taps into different constructs when direct comparisons were made ; and (2) asking about oneself or the average person first, made substantial differences in the results when indirect comparisons were made.

View full abstract

Download PDF (20763K)
Approach and avoidance tendencies elicited automatically by the presentation of self-traits : Focusing on self-related affective priming

Mikiya HAYASHI

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 209-220
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724915

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Two experiments examined whether the mere presentation of trait-words related to the ideal-self and feared-self elicit automatic evaluation and approach-avoidance behavioral tendencies. Experiment 1 used the affective priming paradigm with trait-words pertaining to the two selves as prime stimuli, and results revealed an affective priming effect. Experiment 2 presented stimuli consisting of two colors linked to either "benefit" or "loss", and subjects were instructed to press the "obtain" key or the "avoid" key as fast as possible in order to increase or maintain the experimental reward. As a result, subjects' response latency was delayed when the evaluation of the color and the stimuli were incompatible.

View full abstract

Download PDF (18021K)
Cognitive criteria of rivalry : Construction of a view-of-rivalry scale

Nobuyuki OTA

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 221-233
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724916

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the "view of rivalry", defined as an individual's perception of rivalry. In a preliminary investigation, 206 high school students and 227 undergraduates responded to questionnaise items which revealed three factors of the view of rivalry through factor analysis : "mutuality and reciprocity", "competitive consciousness", and "equality and contrast". A further analysis involving 173 undergraduates extracted 28 items, which formed the view of rivalry scale. In the main investigation, 155 high school students and 145 undergraduates were surveyed in order to determine the relationship between the three factors of view of rivalry, with achievement motive and competitive attitude. According to regression analysis, "mutuality and reciprocity" predicted aspiration, and "competitive consciousness" predicted competitiveness. Analyses of variance, with presence of a rival (yes or no) and school type (high school or college) as independent variables were conducted. As a result those who had a rival, as well as college students put more value on "mutuality and reciprocity" as a cognitive criterion of rivalry, compared to those without a rival, and high school students.

View full abstract

Download PDF (18343K)
An observational study of the illegal crossing behavior of pedestrians : Focusing on the effects of hurrying and habit

Mitsutaka KITAORI, Toshikazu YOSHIDA

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 234-240
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724917

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hurrying and habit on illegal crossing behavior of pedestrians at a given intersection. Study 1 focused on student pedestrians crossing on red just before college classes began. These subjects were assumed to be "routine crossers", and were videotaped and monitored. As a result, it appeared that the motive of avoiding tardiness was related to the descriptive norm of "crossing", and not directly related to personal decision. Study 2 controlled for the effects of habitual rule-breaking behavior. Subjects were high school students who were crossing the intersection to take admissions exams at a nearby university. These subjects were assumed to be "first-time crossers", as opposed to routine crossers who were likely to cross the very same intersection on a daily basis. Results showed that the first-time crossers were more likely to observe the red light than routine crossers. Both studies suggested that the behavior of surrounding people is a strong predictor of pedestrian crossing behavior, and the importance of the descriptive norm was confirmed.

View full abstract

Download PDF (10708K)
Correspondence between communicative practices and information processing systems : A review of empirical studies from a cultural perspective

Keiko ISHII, Shinobu KITAYAMA

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 241-254
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724918

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Studies conducted from a cross-cultural perspective were reviewed to determine whether there is any correspondence between cultural practices in communication and the modes of cognitive processing. This review suggested that both communicative practices and cognitive processing are oriented toward verbal content in the West, while they are oriented toward particular contextual cues in the East. This cross-cultural difference seemed to be confirmed only when on-line processing measures were examined. When paper-and-pencil surveys were used, no interpretable pattern could be identified. Implications for future research and intercultural communication are discussed.

View full abstract

Download PDF (22510K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 255-256
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724919

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (3538K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 257-258
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724920

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (3353K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 259-
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724921

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (1536K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 260-
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724922

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (573K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 261-
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724923

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (917K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages App8-
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724924

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (897K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages App9-
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724925

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (897K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages Cover8-
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724926

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (866K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages Cover9-
Published: March 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: January 13, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14966/jssp.KJ00003724927

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (866K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!