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Volume 31 (2015)
- Issue 3 Pages 149-
- Issue 2 Pages 89-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 31, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Articles
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Mizuka Ohtaka, Kaori Karasawa2015 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 89-100
Published: November 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLFactors other than frequency of involvement probably determine emerging adults’ attitudes toward their fathers. However, factors that affect these attitudes have not yet been revealed. Therefore, this study focuses on children’s perceptions of perspective taking from their fathers and blame for negative behaviors by their fathers, and verifies whether these factors determine children’s attitudes toward their fathers. We conducted a panel survey of 501 Japanese undergraduate students. Data were collected in two waves over approximately two months to establish the causal relationships between the above-mentioned variables. Results indicated that in case of sons, the more positively they perceive their fathers’ behaviors, the more positive their attitudes become toward their fathers. Implications for father-son relationships, compared with father-daughter and mother-child relationships, are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) Full view HTML -
Shuma Iwatani, Yukiko Muramoto2015 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 101-111
Published: November 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLThe present study aimed to examine the antecedent conditions of pluralistic ignorance and its consequences, especially on individuals’ micro processes. Japanese college students participated in a laboratory experiment and met their partners in another room, these actually being confederates. They were asked to do some choice tasks regarding their preferences of gummy candy flavors. Next, they were led to believe that their partners made choices identical to theirs, and estimated the partners’ preferences. They were then asked to choose one flavor as a reward for themselves and their partners, and to evaluate their preferences again. The result suggested a process of the occurrence and consequences of pluralistic ignorance as follows: (1) People tend to see the choices made by others as reflections of their preferences, even when their own identical choices are made to eliminate dislikable alternatives. (2) They tend to take action as group members to meet others’ preferences, even when those are different from their own preferences. (3) When confronted with the inconsistency between their actions and preferences, people are motivated to justify their actions by changing their preferences.View full abstractDownload PDF (319K) Full view HTML
Reports
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Shigeru Erikawa, Kazunari Yamada2015 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 112-119
Published: November 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLThe purpose of this study is to test whether multiple-answer formats (MA) and forced-choice formats (FC) produce similar results in Web surveys. Data were based on a Web survey of 1,559 Japanese adults in the Tokyo metropolitan area in March 2010. The results revealed the following: (1) Respondents endorse fewer options and take less time to answer in MA than in FC. (2) For MA respondents, options are more likely to be endorsed when they appear in the first half of a list than in the second half. These findings suggest that MA may encourage weak satisficing response strategies. In addition, these tendencies can be seen not only in attitudinal questions (judgment-type questions), but also behavioral questions (recall-type questions). However, the differences between FC and MA are greater in attitudinal questions than in behavioral questions.View full abstractDownload PDF (297K) Full view HTML -
Asako Miura, Tetsuro Kobayashi2015 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 120-127
Published: November 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLIn this article, monitor attitudes during online surveys were empirically examined, focusing in particular on satisficing (when survey participants do not fully engage their efforts). At first, the extent to which the satisficing tendency was dependent on personal traits was examined. We observed participants’ behavior in an online survey setting that required them to view video stimulus material consisting of news footage, and measured the length of time each participant spent viewing the footage. The results revealed that respondents who had satisficed (half-heartedly read) the scale items in a prior study (Miura & Kobayashi, 2015) were much more likely to satisfice the video footage. Then, agenda-setting and media-priming effects were used to examine the impact of satisficing during online surveys (including experimental manipulation) on empirical findings. Both examinations indicated the strong possibility that data pertaining to participants who satisficed could serve to distort empirical findings.View full abstractDownload PDF (341K) Full view HTML -
Nobuhiro Mifune, Toshio Yamagishi2015 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 128-134
Published: November 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLWe tested the reputation maintenance hypothesis of ingroup favoritism. Ninety-two non-student participants played one-shot prisoner’s dilemma games with an ingroup and an outgroup partner with minimal groups, and showed ingroup favoritism only when the participant and his/her partner knew each other’s group membership (common knowledge condition). The ingroup favoritism observed in the common knowledge condition positively correlated with fear of negative evaluation. These results provide support for the reputation maintenance hypothesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (269K) Full view HTML -
Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Kazuho Yamaura, Ayano Yagi2015 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 135-142
Published: November 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLReconciliation processes are influenced by two important dispositional variables: (i) the victim’s disposition to forgive the offender, and (ii) the offender’s disposition to apologize to the victim. We translated extant English measures of each of these dispositions into Japanese using the back-translation method. We then examined the validity of the two resultant measures, the Japanese Trait Forgivingness Scale (J-TFS) and the Japanese Proclivity to Apologize Measure (J-PAM). Consistent with previous findings, J-TFS scores were correlated with agreeableness, neuroticism (inversely), and subjective well-being, while J-PAM scores were correlated with agreeableness and subjective well-being. Interestingly, these two reconciliatory tendencies were positively correlated with each other, even when controlling for agreeableness (i.e., a preference for harmonious social relationships). In addition, two autobiographical recall studies (of actual instances of forgiveness and apology) confirmed the validity of these two measures. The J-TFS predicted the extent to which participants had forgiven a workplace offense inflicted by one of their co-workers, while the J-PAM predicted whether participants had apologized to their victims following a recent transgression.View full abstractDownload PDF (172K) Full view HTML
Book Review
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[in Japanese]2015 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 143
Published: November 30, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLDownload PDF (136K) Full view HTML
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