This article theoretically examines components of the Epigenetic Chart in Erikson's Theory focusing on the phenomenon of "romance for identity," including the positioning of this phenomenon in the Epigenetic Chart, interpretation of the phenomenon from the perspective of psychodynamic theory, characteristics of "affectionate dating," which is a form of "romance for identity" with improved intimacy, and the methodology of report analysis, from the perspective of "comprehensive psychology." The results indicated that "romance for identity" is the phenomenon in which adolescents with immature identity and insufficient intimacy are required to have close relationships with others in dating, use their limited psychological energy for identity formation, the most critical concern in adolescence, and their inevitable inability to care for others. Concepts of the Epigenetic Chart in Erikson's and psychodynamic theory might help explain the above phenomenon. Moreover, we have discussed the methodology, reliability, validity, and effectiveness of report analysis.

Effects of internet use and athletic club activities on high school students' sleep behaviors were examined. High school students responded to a self-administered questionnaire. Moderating effects of self-esteem and relationships with friends and parents on time spent using the internet and participation in athletic club activities were examined by focusing on behaviors that adjust the circadian rhythms and promote sleep. The results indicated the moderating effects of satisfaction with relationships with friends on internet use and moderating effects of self-esteem on participation in athletic club activities in boys. Conversely, there were no moderating effects between any factors in girls. It is suggested that internet use and participation in athletic club activities and gender differences, self-esteem, and relationships with friends should be considered for improving sleep behaviors.

This study created the multidimensional apathy tendency scale to restructure the concept of apathy among adolescent students, which is ambiguous and may change with time. In creating the scale, we utilized the existing scale that measures apathy tendency aiming to confirm concurrent validity and the scale that measures ego identity to confirm convergent validity. This scale was found to have the following three factors: (1) anhedonia, which consists of items representing boredom in daily life and flat affect; (2) time diffusion, which comprises items representing a lack of future perspective and a poor sense of course decision; and (3) obsessive adaptation intention, which consists of items representing a tendency to avoid competition with others and hypersensitivity to criticism. This scale is in line with previous studies but has some differences. Its Cronbach's alpha coefficients were sufficiently high, so the reliability was confirmed. In addition, as a result of correlation analysis, these two scales that measure apathy tendency and ego identity showed a significant positive correlation with our scale, and concurrent validity and convergent validity were confirmed.