This paper assesses the impact of housing expenditure on income inequality and poverty in Japan. Empirical evidence was collected from the micro data of National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure and an original survey we conducted in 2014. The research findings reveal that housing expenditure has had expanding effects on income inequalities and poverty. The extent to which housing expenditure is linked with income inequality and poverty rates differs according to housing tenure, household type and others. These facts should prompt the government to undertake an overhaul of housing policies with regard to income redistribution.

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This research aims at developing a moisture expulsion exterior wall which can discharge indoor moisture to the outdoor air by the use of a humidity control material. The indoor moisture is naturally discharged using the difference in water vapor pressure between the indoor and the outdoor air in winter. In the present study, the humidity reduction effect under winter climate conditions was investigated using a field test house located in Hakusan City. And the effect of the moisture expulsion exterior wall structure was shown as a moisture expulsion quantity through one winter season.

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The purpose of this study is to construct new date base of rental housings, and to study actual state of supply of rental housings, focusing on difference of the supply form. The date base makes it possible to grasp actual state of the supply, corresponding to building time and distance from the station, including in both municipalities area and station area. And the study shows that rental housings planned by subleasing business entities are located in farther areas from stations, and rental housings constructed by main developers are located in nearer areas from stations.

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The purpose of this study is clarify how residential characters are maintained, changed or abandoned in cases of conversion of residential facilities including house, housing and hotels. In this study, both conversion from residential facilities and to residential facilities are discussed in regard to examples abroad which were investigated by us. Analyses are done in terms of exterior design, interior space, memory of residence and comparative analyses on possibilities of succeeding residential character in converted examples are discussed. Finally various types of possibilities of succeeding residential character are made clear.

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The aim of this paper is to clear the space configuration of the TOYAMA-style Group Homes by proxemic behavioral analysis, specially the interpretation of the movement patterns of residents ,and to offer the knowledge about space design, construction and the facilities plan of the social system.

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This paper aims to examine the potential of personal trust as a means of succeeding Kyomachias in line with owners' intentions after their deceases. We made the real contract of a personal trust on trial with a Kyomachiya owner, who was interested in this system. Through this trial we pointed out the practical problems of a personal trust contract. On that basis we brought up a prototype process of a personal trust at the present moment by which Kyomachiyas were conserved and succeeded to some public organizations.

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The purpose of our research is building zoning-renovation method which improve energy saving and thermal environment for minka and machiya. We believe the following two issues are of particular importance. We will meet design method and performance evaluation method.

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This Research shows outline of Flag-Shaped housing lot in Machida City. Questionnaire to residents of Flag-Shaped housing lot shows keys for future living environment of their area. The research shows that Flag-Shaped housing lots are frequently found in Land Readjustment areas. Reserved lots for sales are subdivided to small pieces of land. Odd shaped Flag-Shaped land are more found in sloped areas, especially just outside of large public housing complex built on the hill. Ideas such as to create community common using Flag-Shaped housing lots and so on are proposed for future living environment in Machida city.

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We measured blue light energy emitted from sun and artificial lamp in house with light sensor we exclusively made for the purpose of the present study. Photo-toxicity of blue light emitted from 405 nm laser probe was tested using cultured corneal and conjunctival epithelium. Finally, sleep quality, sleepiness, and melatonin secretion were examined under control of blue light energy to the eye at night. The present results demonstrated the amount of blue light in our living environment, ocular surface toxicity of visible light, and significant level of lighting to affect sleep.

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The City of Urayasu considers the characteristics of Urayasu located at Chiba Prefecture to be improved. Its physical fabrics are basically made of wood with high density. The block is constituted the outer and the inner. To use the inner spaces, there are many narrow lanes. It seems to be very dangerous in terms of sudden and progressive risks. However, it is very important to support the social network that is unique to Urayasu, the former fishing village. The spatial management of open spaces by utilizing city-owned lands enables transformation from the current fragile neighborhood to a resilient area.

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It is effective to utilize the Urban Planning Proposal System in order to promote preservation and upgrading living environment as a part of the resident-initiated Machizukuri activities. This paper aims to define the conditions for effective application of the Urban Planning Proposal System by conducting a local government questionnaire survey throughout the country and case studies. As a result, it finds out there are three conditions for the effective application: participation of dedicated leaders who commit the whole process, active support for plan making and document preparation by municipal government, and flexible application of planning system.

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Kyo-machiya is important cultural resource, representing the urban and architectural culture in historical city, Kyoto. Kyo-machiya also contributes the conservation of landscape and community, and the in heritance of housing culture. Despite its importance, Kyo-machiya decreases by 2% every year according to Kyo-machiya Community Building Surveys. Besides, it is supposed that the problems with property market and the tax system degrade the situation. In this study, larger scale Kyo-machiya was focused because it leaves cultural aspect strongly. Finally, the method for inheriting Kyo-machiya to next generation was explored such a show to live and how to use and maintain furnishings as well as the method to conserve the building itself.

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This study, dealing with the private western style housing “Yokan” existing in Yamate that has property and history as a residence area for people from abroad, shows researches of the historical documents of the transition record of sites and buildings, and of the interview to owners or inhabitants. Some existing “Yokans” in Yamate were changed to public facilities whose owners are the city, school and church. But others, 21 houses, are keeping its private function of home with sometimes changing their owners. These private “Yokans” perform the significance of existence as one important parts which form the characteristics of Yamate district.

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The aim of this study is to clarify an ongoing recovery process of the resilient community from a view point of hometown culture which Tsunami victims wish to inherit in Arahama, Sendai City. Inheritable living cultural assets are lifestyle of sharing and appropriation of mutual response between human and nature, and of receiving gifts and dread from nature. Living culture in a house which people wish to inherit is connecting space ( engawa, doma, tsuzukima), spiritual aspect(identity, sense of bricolage) and other aspect ( common space, environmental inclusion, coexistence with wild animal).People play a demonstration of their living culture regularly. The goal should be productive openness.

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This paper clarifies the issues of the preservation by interviewing among those associated with the preservation movement at Shioya in Kobe，and also made some suggestions concerning preservation of modern houses. Local residents who got the news of the destruction considered ways and means of preservation and revealed plan to purchase the historic house. They established two companies to finance the purchase of the house within a short period of time. It was unique preservation movement.

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This paper reports on the results of cyclic loading tests and a linear analysis conducted with the aim of determining the seismic performance of house frames with large-section beams, while studying the influence of the beams on the overall behavior of the frame. First, a cyclic loading test was conducted on four frames with large-section beams. In a two-span frame, the center column between the beams broke before other damage occurred. Second, a simple analysis model of a fitting-type joint was constructed using beam elements. Finally, the initial stiffness was simulated for all the specimens by using the abovementioned model.

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Based on the case study of the temporary housing programme in Philippines, this research looks at the long-term outcomes of temporary housing projects in Tacloban, the most affected town by the Typhoon Yolanda in November 8, 2013. More than 70 percent of Tacloban city has been destroyed, including 40,000 homes damaged and over 20,000 completely destroyed. The Tacloban City government and the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) have tagged the un-operational economic zone in the city’s northern suburbs to serve as the resettlement area for victims displaced by super typhoon Yolanda. This research based on the field survey of these housing areas, analysis of their urban and architecture design and analysis of their construction process and evolution in time of their uses and management.

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To realize the stable life of single mother households, integral supply of stable housing and care will be needed. As one scheme which achieves it, this study examines the possibility of shared housing based on mutual care of single mother households. Their needs for mutual care is lower, but economical and spatial efficiency, loneliness reduction, stimulate social development are higher. As the way of securing child care, joint purchase and making free space for their children were proposed.

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In this research, the present values of the Ostrava-Jih, one of the large housing estates developed in socialist era in Czech are clarified by the interviews with the administration and inhabitants, document analysis, and field research. As a result, nature around the housing area, the accessibility of facilities for shopping and public services and the places with their personal good experiences are evaluated. The issue of housings for socially disadvantaged people and air pollution are important concerns for the interviewees. In addition, there were some actions by inhabitants to improving their surroundings by themselves.

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