Most of pre-studies about Malaysian Ethnicity categorized ethnicity such as Malay, Chinese and Indian. Such　ethnic division is considered "formal ethnicity" divided by the government. However, Indian includes people from different region, language, religion, and caste, and such kind of groups are called sub- ethnic groups. As examples of sub-ethnic groups, Tamils, Telugus, Malayalis, Sri Lankan Tamils, Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Chettiar, and service castes are given. By focusing on the sub-ethnic group, I make the constructure and formation of Indian ethnicity clear. The structure of Indian ethnicity in Malaysia is divided into three dimensions. In the context of nationality, they identify themselves as Malaysian, and in the context of national situation, they consider themselves as Indian. But in their daily life, they are living based on their culture and custom. All of them have multi-combined ethnicity. Segmentation of ethnic groups makes it possible to preserve a variety of culture, while it makes it difficult to unite as one Indian.

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This paper compared the situations in Japan and Germany with respect to the Soviet Union's peace treaty plan in international politics in the 1950s. In the tension of the Cold War, US-Soviet relations got constantly worse. In the European situation, the blockade of Berlin, the establishment of East and West Germany, and the re-arming process of West Germany put Soviet diplomacy on the defensive. On the other hand, in the situation in the Far East, the establishment of the People's Republic of China and the Korean War were events in which the national interests of the United States and the Soviet Union clashed. Among these events, the agenda of peace treaty in Japan and Germany became an international issue in the early 1950s. In counteroffer to the US-led peace treaty plan for Japan, on September 5, 1951, the Soviet Union suggested its own peace treaty plan for Japan (Gromyko's proposal) and announced it at the San Francisco Peace Conference. On March 10, 1952, the Soviet Union also proposed its own peace treaty plan with Germany (it was called the Stalin Note) to the United States, Britain and France to prevent the progress of the European Defense Community program one part of the European integration. In particular, the Stalin Note was a unified German proposal based on neutrality, and historians had great concern to clear up its real intention. By examining the Soviet Union's peace treaty plan, this paper clarified that the Soviet Union aimed to neutralize Japan and Germany and had the intention to create a regional structure favorable for the Soviet Union.

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In this paper, we focus on elements for information system and its security, and try to build structure models to visualize interrelations among elements under consideration. Before this work, the structure model for security components (CIARA) was obtained by using relations of 3 by 3 magic square and Platonic solids. Following CIARA, the structure model for system metrics (RASIS) is obtained through the topological relations between system metrics (RASIS) and security components (CIARA). And by using a Möbius strip, a combination of RASIS and CIARA is led, too. Furthermore, a simple method to create the combining of structure models is illustrated. The combination makes it possible to propose "new RAS" and "new CIA". In addition, it is suggested from our observations that the structure models are rational.

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In his book, Nobel laureate physicist Leon Lederman refers to these famous words of Hamlet 's: "There are more things in heaven and earth," "Than are dreamt in your philosophy." In philosophy, as represented by Kantian criticism, we have endeavored to constantly identify the possibilities and limits of human cognitive ability. Therefore, from the philosophical side, it is naturally necessary to carry out self-verification based on the results of modern physics. In this paper, I will analyze a fruitful discussion on Kantian philosophy from the dialogue version of Werner Heisenberg, one of the founders of quantum mechanics, and scrutinize its contents. In the introduction, I also discuss Jaspers and Wittgenstein on agnosticism.

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Language and music have been associated for hundreds of years. In fact, language instructors and institutes encouraging language learners to study music for language learning can often be observed. However, actual studies about the correlation between the two are scarce. Are language and music truly correlated? Can studying music promote language learning? This paper attempts to search for the answers to these questions by investigating the correlation between pronunciation and music, and by examining whether making use of musical notation to aid pronunciation instruction is a logical and feasible approach. A brief introduction of some common pronunciation instruction methods, challenges instructors may face while conducting these methods, previous studies about the relationship between pronunciation and music, and theoretical models of intonations, syllables, and stress instruction using musical notation will be the main topics of this paper. Considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, this study temporarily restricts the writer to being the only test subject and serves the purpose of being the basis of future studies about pronunciation instruction and musical notation.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in the assessment process of dependent personality disorder (DPD) between Japanese and American clinicians. The result of assessing Japanese patients by using the SWAP-200, which quantifies the assessor 's professional observations, showed that the DPD prototype (i.e. helpless, submissive people persistently seek excessive dependence), which American clinicians understand as the typical DPD, was uncorrelated with the typical image of DPD that Japanese clinicians understand (i.e. helpless people whom the other feels it necessary to help and allow them to be dependent) . It is possibly because the dependence implies non-autonomy and non-independency and may elicit contempt in the U.S., whereas it represents interdependency based on the desire to rely on the good will of the other person to do something for them, which has been explained by "amae " as a unique part of Japanese culture in Japan. Since the dependence is deeply rooted in Japanese culture as "amae " and defines unique interpersonal patterns, DPD could be reviewed for Japanese in a different way than original SWAP-200.

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This research aims to develop the activated model of the safe activity at workplace by extracting an activated factor which promote employees ' safe consciousness and action through the work-team activity positively and continuously, and by examining an index of the activation degree of the activity. The activity of security (risk reduction) does not have the end. While investment in safe system and facilities has been increased, individual safety consciousness and the action are influenced by various factors including education, training, and the group norm of high safe sensitivity. Concerning about the workplace climate which is easy to talk about potential risks such as "Hiyari-Hatt(unsafe incidents) ", anxiety or the consultation, reliability and the correlation of the standard of psychological safety and teamwork are inspected. As a result, the workplace which worked on safety activity positively (active) was significantly higher in every scale (factor) of psychological safety and teamwork than those of inactive teams. The qualitative result index of an activated activity was extracted at the team level and the personal level. On the other hand, it was suggested that the psychological safety is just a requirement and promoting daily team activity is more important.

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This paper deals with the survey on digital literacy and computer literacy, namely information literacy concerning first year undergraduate students of university in Japan. The results of the computer literacy survey were generally consistent with previous results. In addition, the differences in digital literacy were generally confirmed by personal attributes and personal computer proficiency, namely information literacy. Furthermore, it was suggested from this survey that students with low proficiency in personal computers are required to provide information education to improve computer literacy or information literacy and digital literacy.

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