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- TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C
- TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B
- TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series A
- Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C
- Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B
Volume 53, Issue 490
Displaying 1-25 of 25 articles from this issue
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Izuru NISHIKAWA, Tsuyoshi GOTOH, Yoshio MIYOSHI, Keiji OGURA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 993-999
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSfatigue crack growth and the threshold of SS41, SM41A, and SUS304 steels and 2218-T6 Al alloy were examined at elevated temperatures up to 500°C. An emphasis was made on examining the role of crack closure in the fatigue threshold at elevated temperatures. Fatigue threshold, ΔKth, was found to increase with an increase in test temperatures for all the steels tested, while it was found to decrease for the 2218-T6 Al alloy. Oxide-induced crack closure was found to play an important role in the temperature dependence of ΔKth for SM41A and 2218-T6 Al alloy, while it was found to play a less important role in the increase in ΔKth at elevated temperatures for SS41 and SUS304 steels. The importance of the relative value of the oxide thickness to the CTOD at threshold was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K) -
Hideto SUZUKI, Takeshi KUNIO1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1000-1006
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStatistical fatigue testing based on JSME S 002 was conducted on test pieces prepared from the nodular iron casting of the crank shaft of a diesel engine using a rotating fatigue test machine. In order to clarify causes of scatters of fatigue strength and fatigue life, the distribution of the size of micro cracks was examined. The scatter in long term life was controlled by crack coalescence, while the scatter in short term life was defermined by √(area of abnomal graphite).View full abstractDownload PDF (1317K) -
Yoshio MIKITA, Ichiro NAKABAYASHI1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1007-1011
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe preceding paper has reported that the increase of polyalkylene glycol (PAG) polymer concentration results in the decrease of fin cracks and increase of vertical cracks because of the low cooling rate of the quenchant. This paper deals with the effects of interrupted quenching and delayed quenching on quenching. The residual stress and hardness were measured by the X-Ray diffraction method and Rockwell hardness tester, respectively. The interrupted quenching method is more effective to prevent cracking in PAG solutions. Immersed for 6seconds in 5% PAG sol. and for 15 seconds in 15% PAG sol., the steel bars exhibited high hardness and residual stress. Delayed quenching is less effective to prevent cracking. As the crack percentage decreases, the hardness and residual stress become lower in the delayed quenching.View full abstractDownload PDF (880K) -
Hideto SUZUKI, Takeshi KUNIO1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1012-1017
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFatigue tests were performed on short glass fiber-filled, glass bead-filled and smaller particulate inorganic filled reinforced nylon 6, 66 castings at 100°C. The mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation and propagation were investigated through the fractography using SEM. The main results obtained are as follows; (1) The fatigue strength of filler reinforced nylon 6, 66 castings at 100°C are greatly influenced by the kind of fillers in particular, nylon 66 filled with glass fibers and smaller particulate inorganic fillers showed a maximum value of 107σw as 15 MPa. Conversely, nylon 66 filled with glass bead showed the minimum value of 107σw as 5 MPa. (2) The above results could be interpreted from the micromechanism of fatigue fracture appearing through the micromorphology of fracture surfaces as follows. the debonding between the nylon matrix and glass fibers has a very high quality, which is caused by the high ductility of nylon.View full abstractDownload PDF (1193K) -
Takehito FUKUDA, Katsuhiko OSAKA, Taichi FUJII, Masahiro TAKADA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1018-1023
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcoustic emission (AE) monitoring of fatigue damage processes of glass-mat FRP was made in low-cycle fatigue tests a three environmental temperatures such as -20°C, 25°C, and 120°C. The AE signal was measured in the ring-down mode with an AE measuring system connected with a personal computer. It was found at all temperatures tested here that three are three regions where a certain feature can be recognized in the ring-down rate count with the development of fatigue damage. That is, in the first region, the AE rate count is the largest at the first cycle and then it will shake down. The second region is one in which the AE rate count at the shake-down state will be approximately stable during comparatively large cycles due to the testing conditions and finally in the third, it will increase abruptly just before fatigue failure of the specimen takes place. As a result of the measured data, it was shown that the AE counts in each region have a correlation not only with low-cycle fatigue life but also with fatigue failure mode under each temperature environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (832K) -
Takehito FUKUDA, Taichi FUJII, Katsuhiko OSAKA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1024-1029
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn general, the mechanical properties of high-polymeric composites depend on testing conditions such as the environmental temperature and the loading velocity. Few studies, however, have been made on the stress rate dependence of GFRP under different temperature environments. In the present paper, tensile tests for glass-mat FRP were made with stress rates ranging from creep tests to fatigue tests with low frequencies at low (-20°C), intermediate (room temperature and 60°C) and high temperatures (100°C) over the heat distortion temperature of the matrix. As a result of statistical data analysis based on two-parameter and three-parameter Wiebull distributions, the tensile strengths of glass-mat FRP were much more affected by the stress rate at high temperatures than at low and intermediate temperatures. The relationship of this fact to the tensile failure modes of the specimens was qualitatively discussed by observing failed specimens and evaluating the parameters involved in the time-dependent stochastic damage model of GFRP proposed by Miki and Fujii.View full abstractDownload PDF (852K) -
Ryuichi OHTANI, Takayuki KITAMURA, Naoya TADA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1030-1036
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate crack propagation behavior of thermal fatigue on the basis of non-linear fracture mechanics, crack propagation tests were conducted for isothermal fatigue at several temperatures and for cyclic temperature fatigue. The results obtained were summarized as follows. (1) The fracture mechanics laws in isothermal fatigue dl/dN-ΔJf and dl/dN-ΔJc relations where dl/dN was crack propagation rate, ΔJf was fatigue J-integral range and was ΔJc was creep J-integral range) showed little dependence on temperature. (2) A simple evaluation method of the values of ΔJf and ΔJc in thermal fatigue was proposed. (3) Crack propagation under cyclic temperature could be divided into two types which were cycle-dependent and time-dependent. dl/dN had good correlations with ΔJf and ΔJc for each type, respectively. (4) The transient condition between two types was given by a function of ΔJf and ΔJc. (5) The same fracture mechanics laws were obtained in isothermal and cyclic temperature fatigue.View full abstractDownload PDF (907K) -
Hiromi DEWA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1037-1042
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe complex shear modulus of a thin adhesive layer may be determined by the torsional resonance tests on a composite beam with metal facings and an adhesive core. In order to determine this shear modulus by such method (Composite Beam Test Method), it is necessary to know the torsional rigidity of a three layered composite beam. This is calculated exactly herein. Torsional tests are carried out on the symmetrical elastic beams bonded by epoxy resin adhesives from -20°C to 80°C. The results obtained scatter above a transition temperature range of the adhesives. The causes of scattering are discussed theoretically based on the error analysis. It is indicated that the scattering is considerably dependent on the deviation of elastic layer thicknesses and enabled to minimize it by using the optimum test beam configuration such as the torsional rigidities elastic layers are nearly equal to those increments caused by bonding.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K) -
Chikayoshi YATOMI, Shinji KONDO1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1043-1049
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is concerned with the plane train deformation of a hollow cylinder, within the theory of finite elastostatics for a particular homogeneous isotropic compressible material, the so-called Blatz-Ko material. The body is subjected to uniform pressure, either internal or external. In the case of internal pressure, it is found that there is a maximum pressure beyond which there does not exist a solution. Under that pressure there exist two sets of solutions. In the case of external pressure, for a sufficiently large value of pressure, the location of the maximum value of the compressive hoop stress departs from the inner surface ; there exists, however, a supremum of the location. If the hollow cylinder is thinner than the supremum, the maximum value of the compressive hoop stress occurs at the outer surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (841K) -
Hiroaki NANAUMI, Kenji TAKAHASHI, Michio KURASHIGE1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1050-1056
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe finite three-point bending of a fiber-reinforced straight beam with a central crack on the beam bottom is analysed in the framework of the theory of ideal fiber-reinforced composite materials. The beam is reinforced in its axial direction. It is simply supported by fixed roller fulcrums ; such a supporting method has been chosen because of its feasibility for three-point bending tests. The results for a linear elastic response are shown in figures with a major emphasis on the crack tip opening angle, the singular stress intensity at the crack tip, and the debonding stresses.View full abstractDownload PDF (786K) -
Kazuo HONDA, Takaaki SARAI, Nobutaka MIYAZAKI1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1057-1063
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe states of stress and strain in grains were analyzed with a plane model of polycrystals in a uniaxial elastic deformation. The finite element method is adopted and the elastic constants of polycrystalline metals and X-ray elastic constants were calculated. The strain is nearly uniform in the region across the grain boundary parallel to the stress axis, while the stress is uniform when the grain boundary is perpendicular to the stress axis. It follows that, in the case of grains having a small value of Young's modulus, there is a stress concentration at the region near the grain boundary parallel to the stress axis. The elastic constants of polycrystals change under the condition of the restriction of grains, which is caused by the elastic anisotropy of the crystal. The X-ray elastic constants S1, S2/2 are close to those calculated by the Reuss model. In this case, S2/2 is not much affected by the restriction of grains.View full abstractDownload PDF (904K) -
Takayuki KITAMURA, Ryuichi OHTANI1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1064-1070
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA numerical simulation model of the propagation of a microstructually short crack in monotonic creep was proposed. In the model, the distribution of the crack propagation rate caused by the microstructual inhomogeneity was expressed by means of some random variables showing the grain boundary length and the crack propagation rates at the grain boundary triple points and their midway. The cumulative probability of the crack length was calculated using the Monte Carlo Method and the effects of some factors such as the length was between the grain boundary triple points, the initial crack length, the upper bound and the lower bound of crack propagation rates, and the waveform of crack propagation rate between two adjacent triple points were discussed. The lower crack propagation rate and the initial crack length had greater effects on the probability than did the other factors. The cumulative probability of the crack length in the case of continuous crack initiation during creep was also simulated on the basis of the model, and it coincided very well with the experimental results.View full abstractDownload PDF (872K) -
Masahiro KUBO, Mamoru KATAGIRI, Yukio HORI1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1071-1075
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe creep whitening behavior of injection molded POM specimens was investigated. Whitening was attributed to numerous microscopic fractures in the material, taking place in the creep process, and was treated by means of a stochastic theory. It was found that the whitening process obeyed the Weibull distribution function and depended on the stress in a form C·exp(ασ), in agreement with the rate process theory. It was also found that whitening proceeded most rapidly at the strain where the tensile stress was a maximum, under a constant cross head speed condition. At this strain, of about 10%, the spherulites are still not highly deformed. Therefore, the above-mentioned microscopic fractures may be those occurring in the spherulite structure at the spots where the bonding is local, and especially weak.View full abstractDownload PDF (600K) -
Kotoji ANDO, Keiichi TSUJI, Kiichi KITA, Nobukazu OGURA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1076-1082
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKIC values in the transition region are important for the integrity of large-size structures such as rotor shafts and pressure vassels. In order to evaluate this value, it is necessary to test an elastic-large test based on ASTM Standard E399. However, such a test is practically impossible. It is necessary to develop an elastic-plastic fracture toughness test which can easily evaluate the KIC-value from the results of small specimens. The features of a cleavage fracture in the ductile-brittle transition region are (a) large scatter, (b) significant size effect. The new method proposed is based on both characteristics of the cleavage fracture. The new method is called the β-W method. The KIC is given by the following equation.βm/(2.5+βm)=1-exp{-(KIC(β·W)/b)c}(b : scale parameter, c : shape parameter) Evaluated values based on the β-W method show a good correlation with KIC based on the test method of ASTM Standard E399.View full abstractDownload PDF (800K) -
Hiroyoshi UEDA, Genki YAGAWA, Yukio TAKAHASHI1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1083-1088
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFinite element analyses are performed on the assumption of the power-law hardening and the deformation theory of plasticity. The J-integral values under the fully plastic condition are estimated for four semi-elliptical. The J-integral values under the fully plastic condition are estimated for four semi-elliptical surface cracks in a plate subjected to uniform tension. Both local and global estimations are employed, varying the manner of the virtual crack extension. Some discussions are made on the J-integral distribution along the crack front. Especially for a deep crack, the maximum J-integral value is found at some location between the deepest point and the free surface. Also, the numerical solutions are applied to the experimental results obtained by the multi-specimen method. The crack aspect rations during ductile growth are predicted well with reasonable fracture resistance.View full abstractDownload PDF (773K) -
Akira KANNO, Ken KURASHIKI1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1089-1094
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dynamic photoelastic properties of an epoxy-polysulfied copolymer (epoxy rubber), often used as a photoelastic material, were analyzed by applying an FFT operation system with a device prepared to obtain simultaneously the interrelations between birefringence, stress and strain under various test temperatures and frequencies. As a result of the studies, the complex modulus, complex strain-optical coefficient and complex stress-optical coefficient of the epoxy rubber were determined and master curves presenting the combination of the test frequency and temperature were composed successfully by applying a reduction principle. It was confirmed that the complex strain-optical coefficient was related to dynamic photoelasticity because the coefficient scarcely changed against the frequency compared with the complex stress-optical coefficient.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
Shuichi FUKUDA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1095-1098
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs fracture mechanics is evolving very rapidly, it is becoming more and more difficult for a designer to find an appropriate formula or solution for his problem among an overwhelming amount of fracture mechanics information. Although designs are carried out using only linearelastic fracture mechanics in most cases, it is still difficult because there are many complicated mathematical formula and because it is often the case that he has to combine several solutions in order to solve his problem. Therefore, if we could provide a system to where, when and how to use fracture mechanics in designs, it is expected that fracture mechanics will be used much more easily and therefore more extensively. This paper describes an attempt to develop such a system utilizing symbolic computation techniques.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
Yoshiaki YASUI1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1099-1103
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNumerical analyses the Finite Element Method have been carried out on the buckling strength and stress concentration in cross-ply laminated FRP plates with a reinforced square or circular cut-out under axial compression. The cross-ply plates used carbon-fiber/epoxy (CFRP) and glass-fiber/epoxy (GFRP). As one of the succesful ways in order to recover the buckling strength of the plate with a cut-out, the plate around the cut-out is reinforced by thickning the annular area. The result for a FRP Plate is compared with that for an isotropic plate. For a FRP Plate, the higher the fiber reinforcement, the more effective of the recovery of the buckling value.View full abstractDownload PDF (692K) -
Noriyuki MIYAZAKI, Ryo KAHAMURA, Tsuyoshi MUNAKATA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1104-1108
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the creep buckling of a circular cylindrical shell subjected to both axial compression and internal or external pressure. The finite element method is applied to a creep deformation analysis to obtain the critical time when creep buckling occurs. Two types of creep buckling are considered in the present analysis. One is the axisymmetric mode of creep buckling due to quasi-static instability. The other is the asymmetric mode of creep buckling due to bifurcation. The effects of internal or external pressure on creep buckling are made clear by the present analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (680K) -
Kazuo SAKAI, TAKAO TERAYAMA, Noriaki OKAMOTO, Teizou TAMURA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1109-1117
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExplained are the analytical method of contact status between magnetic heads and magnetic tapes, as well as the results of such analysis. The tape deformation is obtained in the form of influence coefficents "Aij" created at a point "i" when a unit load is applied to a point "j". The contact status is clarified by adopting the theory of increments in which calculations are successively made while causing a head and a tape to gradually contact each other. The contact length upon the head differs depending on the values of the head radius, the tape tension, the tape rigidity and the degree of protrusion of heads. The actual measurement was achieved by utilizing the interference fringe pattern created between the head and the transparent tape. The experimental results are in close accord with numerical results.View full abstractDownload PDF (1120K) -
Toshihiro ITO, Koichiro KAWASHIMA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1118-1123
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe post-buckling behavior of elastic-plastic arches is analyzed numerically using a discrete model that is composed of rigid finite bars connected with nonlinear springs. These springs represent a history-dependent elastic-plastic response of the arch material, which obeys a power hardening law combined with the kinematic hardening rule for reversed plasticity. The effect of reversed plasticity, which occurs during and after snap-through, on the load-carrying capacity is discussed for some arches. The conventional analysis neglecting reversed plasticity is found to give significantly smaller deflection than the present analysis during and after snap-through.View full abstractDownload PDF (782K) -
Takashi FUJIMOTO, Seinosuke SUMI1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1124-1131
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the vibration characteristics of a rectangular plate with a central crack subjected to a uniaxial tension. The approach adopted is the finite element method based on the linear vibration theory of a plate with inplane forces. The calculated eigen-frequencies and eigen-modes are compared with those obtained in the experiments. The experimental results indicate that the linear vibration analysis is available for the prediction of the vibration characteristics until the local buckling occurs due to the tensile load. The effects of the crack length on the vibration characteristics are discussed in detail. It is shown that the increase of the crack length makes complicated the variation of the frequencies and mode in the range of even a small load.View full abstractDownload PDF (1182K) -
Yasushi NIITSU, Kozo IKEGAMI1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1132-1136
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, we propose the distribution function of the yield stress to characterize the inelastic behavior of metal. This inelastic model is consisted with infinite small cells of the ideal plastic material, which are placed in parallel. The distribution function of the yield stress means the content of infinite small cells. The integral constitutive equation for this model is derived under combined stress state. The stress strain relations for several strain histories, which include the sharp corner of the strain paths, are calculated. It is shown that this constitutive equation can simulate Bauschinger's effect and the delay phenomenon.View full abstractDownload PDF (597K) -
Manabu GOTOH, Atuyuki MIURA, Kozo TANAKA1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1137-1143
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe forming limit diagrams of proportionally pre-strained brass sheets are experimentally determined for a combination of uniaxial and equi-biaxial tension. From these FLDs and the theoretical ones which are predicted by the use of a new plastic constitutive equation previously proposed by one of the authors (Gotoh) and a local necking condition, the most suitable hardening law of a brass sheet is investigated for n-th power hardening, VOCE and modified VOCE hardening laws. Furthermore, the dependence of the FLDs of a brass sheet on sheet thickness is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
Tohru YOSHIKAWA, Takeji ABE, Shigeru NAGAKI1987 Volume 53 Issue 490 Pages 1144-1149
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurface instability in an elastic-plastic solid under a large strain is analysed by means of the finite element method for plane strain deformation. An updated Lagrangian formulation is employed. The influence of material inhomogenity is mainly studied using a model of inhomogeneous material with a surface, which is composed of two kinds of regions with respective work hardening exponent. The finite strain version of deformation theory is employed as a constitutive law. It is shown, until the overall strain reaches the surface bifurcation strain, and then it increases sharply with strain. When the degree of inhomogeneity is large, the growth of surface roughness starts from the early stage of deformation and increases nearly in proportion to the applied strain. The critical strain of the surface bifurcation in compression is smaller than that in tension. The roughening due to inhomogeneity is also greater during compression than during tension.View full abstractDownload PDF (822K)
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