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- TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C
- TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B
- TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series A
- Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C
- Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B
Volume 52, Issue 484
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Hironobu NISITANI, Norio KAWAGOISHI1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2561-2565
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRotating bending fatigue tests were carried out on specimens with a small blind hole of annealed 0.42% C steel in air and in oil. Although the fatigue strength at a stress level above the fatigue limit in oil is higher than that in air, the fatigue limit is roughly equal in both environments. This phenomenon is explained from the fact that an oil environment has two effects on crack growth due to the exclusion of moisture and oxygen which oppose each other, that is, the suppression of corrosion and fretting oxide.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Kenji HATANAKA, Tatsuro FUJIMITSU1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2566-2573
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe low cycle fatigue tests were performed under axial and diametral strain controlled conditions. Then, the test results obtained under the two strain controlled conditions were compared. The Poisson's ratio in the plastic strain range, νp was determined so that the axial strain transformed from the diametral strain coincides with the measured axial strain. The value of Poisson's ratio was approximately 0.45 in JIS SNCM 439 alloy steels, instead of 0.50 which has been commonly approved. The cyclic stress-strain curve obtained under the diametral strain controlled condition overlies the one under the axial strain controlled condition even if the axial strain is estimated from the diametral using νp=045. The specimens tested under the diametral strain controlled condition have a longer life than those tested under the axial strain controlled condition for a given axial strain range. The life estimated through the analysis of the small crack growth rate explains well the difference in the fatigue life between the two tests.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
Ken-ichi TAKAO, Masanori SOGOH, Kouji MATSUMOTO1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2574-2578
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of a grain size on notch sensitivity in fatigue and crack growth of commercially pure titanium has been studied under push-pull loads, using mainly a two-stage replica technique with particular emphasis on the initiation of fatigue cracks at the notch root. Pure titanium has no non-propagating cracks even for a sharp notch with notch radius of 0.02 mm. It also shows the lowest sensitivity compared to mild steel and other metals. Notch sensitivity becomes lower as grain size increases, however, crack growth rates were not affected by grain size. It is concluded that the above-mentioned fatigue phenomenon of a pure titanium can be ascribed to a considerably high grain boundary constraint for the initial growth of a crack the size of one grain, due to the scarcity of slip systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
Keiro TOKAJI, Takeshi OGAWA, Tetsuya AOKI, Yukio HARADA1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2579-2583
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth of physically small fatigue cracks (crack depth a<ge>150μm) was investigated in a high tensile strength steel and a high strength low alloy steel at a load ratio of 0.05 under pulsating tension loading. It is found that the growth characteristics of small fatigue cracks are consistent with those of large through cracks, as far as net stresses do not exceed yield stress of the materials. For medium and high strength steels having both yield stress more than approximately 500 MPa and fine microstructure, therefore, it is also suggested that growth characteristics of large cracks can be used for defect evaluation and life prediction of small fatigue cracks in engineering applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (607K) -
Kenichi SUZUKi, Juichi FUKAKURA, Hideo KASHIWAYA1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2584-2589
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo understand the effects of aging on the near-threshold fatigue crack growth of a 5083-0 aluminum alloy, experimental analyses were conducted at 20°C, 80°C and 130°C. The yield strength and the ultimate strength were both unchanged after aging at 80°C and 130°C for 6 000 hours. The 130°C aging, however, induced an increase of electical conductivity, a decrease of impact value and a change of da/dn vs ΔK relations, except for the value of ΔKth itself. The 80°C aging did not affect the above properties. Crystallographic facets were found near the ΔKth in samples, but the distrbution pattern differed between the virgin and the 130°C aged ones. Grain boundary cracking was also observed in the 130°C aged ones, bening perpendicular to the main fracture surface. Irrespective of temperature and aging treatment, the cyclic plastic zone size at the crack tip was 13∼19μm, comparable to the grain size, at the onset of crystallographic facets, and was 2∼2.1μm at the ΔKth.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
Kohsoku NAGATA, Hideo KASHIWAYA, Takeshi MATSUDA, Kuniyoshi OHTA1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2590-2597
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fretting fatigue strength of NiCrMoV generator rotor steel was examined under a contact pressure of 200 MPa, a relative slip amplitude of 5 to 6 μm and a stress ratio of 0.05. The fretting fatigue limit tested by a conventional method was 40 MPa ; however, the limit reduced to less than 10 MPa by decreasing the gap (C) between the edges of two contact pads to 0.25 mm. It was found that the fretting fatigue strengths are drastically reduced by decreasing the gap between the edges of the two contact pads. The fatigue cracks initiated under conditions where C=0.25 mm and the stress amplitudes was less than 20 MPa were arrested from 1.5 to 2.3 mm in depth. The crack growth properties and the non-propagating phenomema of the cracks in the fretting fatigue were successfully explained by fracture mechanics concepts.View full abstractDownload PDF (874K) -
Masahiro KUBO, Mamoru KATAGIRI, Yukio HORI1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2598-2603
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fatigue strength of the injection molded POM of three kinds of molecular weight was investigated by observing the crack-tip whitening area continuously and quantitatively with the aid of an image processing technique. The fatigue life of the lowest molecular weight specimen was not the shortest ; and the one having the highest molecular weight, whose crystallinity was the lowest, showed minimum fatigue strength because of the rather low energy dissipation at he crack-tip whitening area under the cyclic load condition. Under a certain cooling rate condition, in the case of injection molding, an optimum molecular weight was found to exist in connection with the fatigue strength, in which also the crystallinity would play an important part.View full abstractDownload PDF (638K) -
Osamu KAMIYA, Haruhiko FUJITA1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2604-2608
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFracture testing by internal pressure using some cylindrical FRP have been performed at room temperature. FRP used consist of an Epoxy acrylate resin matrix and two types of glass fiber : Chopped strand mat and Roving cross. The results obtained are summarized as follows : (1) An FRP cylinder reinforced by Roving cross whose fiber direction is parallel to the circumference of the cylinder indicates a higher endurance pressure and a lower sensitivity to crack ; therefone Roving type FRP is best to apply as a pressure tube. (2) Fracture criterion of Roving cross type FRP is denoted by net maximum stress. (3) Fracture criterion of Mat type FRP is denoted by σmax for smooth materials but KIC for cracked materials. (4) In the case of FRP specimen whose crack front is parallel to the surface of FRP layer, KIC data scattered largely because of the inhomogeneity of fiber distribution.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Takehito FUKUDA, Taichi FUJII1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2609-2614
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLow-cycle tensile fatigue tests for glass-mat FRP were performed at low (-20°C), intermediate (room temperature and 60°C) and high (100°C) temperatures. The scatter of fatigue life data was considerably large in spite of the fact that the scatter of static tensile strength was comparatively small. As the results of statistical analysis based on the stress-median life diagram, it was found that one regression line intersecting at about 100% of stress level is obtained for low and intermediate temperature levels when the stress amplitude is standardized by the static strength measured in each temperature, while the median life data at 100°C fit well to another regression line with approximately the same slope located at the lower stress level by about 12%. This result suggests that the temperature effect on the low-cycle fatigue strength of glass-mat FRP at the high temperature is more remarkable than that at low and intermediate temperatures in comparison with the case of static strength.View full abstractDownload PDF (663K) -
Kunihiro TAKAHASHI1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2615-2621
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStress and strain of structures can be calculated precisely today by numerical methods. It is also important, however, to obtain a macroscopic view of force flow in structures. In this paper, the definition of "Relative Rigidity" was introduced, and using this concept, the expression of force flow in structures was derived. As a relative rigidity has a tensor value which has positive principal values, it can be designated by a proper ellipsoid which can be called "rigidity ellipsoid". Moreover, Saint Venant's Principle was interpreted by the decay of above mensioned force flow, and an example and a counter example of this principle were presented numerically.View full abstractDownload PDF (779K) -
Yoshinobu TANIGAWA, Yoshihiro OOTAO1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2622-2629
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is concerned with a theoretical treatment of axisymmetrical coupled thermal stress problems for a transversely isotropic material. In order to separate the thermal and thermoelastic fundamental differential equations for the transversely isotropic body, we have introduced a perturbation technique for temperature and thermoelastic fields. Taking advantage of this technique proposed in this paper, we can obtain the coupled thermoelastic solutions for the first approximation automatically using the temperature solution for the first approximation. As an example, we have analyzed the axisymmetric problem of an infinitely long solid cylinder, and then, carried out numerical calculations for several values of thermal and thermoelastic orthotropic parameters. These effects on the temperature and the associated stress distributions are examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (763K) -
Toshikazu SHIBUYA, Takashi KOIZUMI, Noriyasu KAWAMURA, G. M. L. Gradwe ...1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2630-2639
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is concerned with the contact problem when an elastic half space is indented by a rigid elliptical punch with friction to prevent any slip between the surface of the punch and the half space during the application of the load. By using the generalized Abel transform, we reduce the problem to solve the Hilbert problem with infinite unknown functions. The general method to solve the problem is given. As an example, we apply the method to solve the contact problem between a flat ended elliptical punch and the half space with friction.View full abstractDownload PDF (710K) -
Yeonseung KIM, Hiroshi NAGAO1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2640-2645
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNowadays, due to the development of the sandwich core series and the progression of the degree of exactness required for each thickness of sandwich plate, optimum design of the structural sandwich plate has been needed. We can find 2 or 3 papers relating to the optimum design of laminated plates. But this paper presents the optimum design of a sandwich plate with a hole or notch. For this object, we offer the 1st report to investigate the FEM analysis by checking the calculative exactness and cost, and data of the stress concentration wide sphere of dimension.View full abstractDownload PDF (585K) -
Haruo ISHIKAWA, Hiroaki YAMAGATA1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2646-2652
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOrthotropic plates are analysed by the boundary element method with the fundamental solution of Cruse and Swedlow and isoparametric elements. The stress concentration factors and stress intensity factors are obtained for three kinds of materials, that is, glass fiber reinforced plastics, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy and oak timber. The calculations are carried out for some sizes of the circular hole or crack. Part of the numerical results are compared with analytical solutions. The present results are obtained with fairly good accuracy.View full abstractDownload PDF (714K) -
Sun-Ho CHOI, Jae-Do KWON, Hideo KITAGAWA1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2653-2661
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new method was proposed for the experimental determination of the mode III stress intensity factor of a longitudinal surface crack on a twisted bar, based on the combination of the membrane analogy method and the out-of-plane displacement Moire method. The membrane was replaced by a thin polymer sheet instead of soap or rubber film or liquids-interface in conventional methods, and the membrane displacement was frozen. By using simple equations, the stress intensity factor was obtained with the extrapolation method, and the accuracy of the results by this method proved itself quite satisfactory for analysis of the KIII stress intensity factors, in comparison with the theoretical solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (928K) -
Dai-Heng CHEN, Hironobu NISITANI1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2662-2667
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper a combination of BFM and FEM for problems with cracks has been developed. It is found that there is always a local incompatibility of displacements or stresses on the interface of two domains in which BFM and FEM are used, respectively. The accuracy of this analysis is usually in fluenced by the incompatibility. Three types of equivalent nodal forces were compared. It is demonstrated that the equivalent nodal force defined as a resultant force between two middle points of adjacent boundary elements is useful.View full abstractDownload PDF (634K) -
Naoki ASANO1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2668-2674
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents an efficient calculation method which eliminates the LDU decomposition process of the stiffness matrix in numerical solutions of the finite element method (FEM). As an example, this method is applied to an elastoplastic analysis of two-body problems composed of variable cross sectional rods. The FEM using the method decreases CPU time and memory capacity in comparison with conventional FEM using the LDU process. Moreover, the use of the method makes FEM algorithm simple, and obtains high accurate results. Therefore, this method is effective for microcomputer aided FEM.View full abstractDownload PDF (695K) -
Shigeru NAKAGIRI, Keiko SUZUKI1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2675-2679
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe thermal deformation of a fiber reinforced plastic laminated plate due to its material constant variability is formulated by the stochastic finite element method. Four elastic constants and two thermal expansion coefficients are taken as representing the spatial stochastic process. The rates of change of the finite element solution are obtained with regard to the said constants on the basis of the first order perturbation technique, and are employed to evaluate the variance of the plate deflection due to temperature distribution by the first order approximation in conjunction with the second moments of the probabilistic material constants. The numerical examples are carried out in regard to a boron/epoxy plate consisting of up to six layers, and the effects correlation and orthotropy of the probabilistic variables on the deflection variance are evaluated.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
Shinji TANIMURA, Hisashi IGAKI, Kaishin LIU1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2680-2684
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo-dimensional stress waves in an elastic circular cylinder are analyzed numerically, when a variety of axisymmetric impulsive loads are applied to the end face of the cylinder. The effect of the shape of the applied impulsive load on stress wave propagation and on generation of a tensile stress is demonstrated. It is clearly demonstrated that, when the rise time of the applied load is sufficiently short, such as when a charge is detonated on the end face, a large tensile stress is caused along the axis of the cylinder by the wave reflected from the curved surface converging on to the axis, and is caused, along the circle on the end face, by the reflection at the cylindrical surface as a wave of tension. The generation of these tensile stresses explains fairly well the examples of fracture in brittle specimens which were obtained by Kolsky and Shearman, and by the authors. The distribution curves of the caused tensile stress along the axis of the cylinder and along the end face are presented, and are effective in predicting the occurrence of fractures under impulsive loading.View full abstractDownload PDF (498K) -
Yoshisada MUROTSU, Satoshi MATSUZAKi, Hiroo OKADA, Shinobu NAKAMURA1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2685-2691
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper proposes a method for the probabilistic collapse analysis of transmission line structures caused by extreme wing and snow (ice) loads. Plastic collapse is evaluated by taking account of the interaction of bending moment and axial force to generate the safety margins, using a matrix method. Probabilistically dominant failure modes are selected by applying the heuristic procedures together with a branch-and-bound technique. The proposed method is successfully applied to a transmission line structure. Sensitivity analysis of coefficient of variation is also discussed for the dominant failure modes.View full abstractDownload PDF (626K) -
Akira KATO1986 Volume 52 Issue 484 Pages 2692-2696
Published: December 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn image processing system using a personal computer was applied to stress measurement by copper electroplating. The microscopic TV image of the plating structure of an electroplated specimen after being cyclically loaded was directly analyzed by the image processing system, and grain density in the plating layer was measured automatically. The surface stress of the specimen can be estimated based on the grain density. The stress concentration factor of grooved shafts under torsion was obtained as an example of the application of this system. The result was in good agreement with the numerical values published previously.View full abstractDownload PDF (567K)
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