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Volume 16, Issue 166
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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III. Scale Up Rule for Extruders Molding Pseudoplastic MaterialsKensei Hayashida1959 Volume 16 Issue 166 Pages 95-97
Published: February 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSScale up rule has been hitherto studied only for the extrusion of Newtonian material. Now, in considerations of the results of the author's researches, in which the psudoplastic material was treated and the temperature distribution along the screw axis was considered, the following scale up rule was obtained: In geometrically and thermally similar extruders molding the same pseudoplastic materials with constant revolutional speed of screw, the pressure rise and non dimentional terms U, w, z and λ should be equal, while the output and consumption will be in ratio of the cubes of the dimensional ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
Hisashi Ushio, Sigehiko Kurosaki, Rinjiro Kawai, Genju Sato1959 Volume 16 Issue 166 Pages 98-103
Published: February 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe conductivity induced in polyethylene by γ-rays has been measured over temperature range of 9-40°C and the intensity of 102-104 r/hr (Co60 was used as the gamma ray source). The attenuation characteristic of σ after the irradiation was stopped, was also observed. The equilibrium induced conductivity σ is found to be related to the doserate I and the activation energy E by the relationships:
(I: the intensity of γ ray)
Supposing that the charge carriers are ions, it may be calculated that the number of charged particles is 1010 par cubic centimeter, the mobility μ-10-5 cm2/volt·sec, the time constant in the attenuation of σ as short as 10-2 sec and σ is soon restored to original value (before irradiation) after the removal of irradiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1142K) -
IV. Determination of the Homogeniety of the electrophoretic Mobility with the Method of MomentsMasao Hosono1959 Volume 16 Issue 166 Pages 104-107
Published: February 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA general method for the estimation of the electrophoretic mobility distribution and of the diffusion constant distribution in heterogeneous polyelectrolytes has been developed for the case in which the electrophoretic mobility and the diffusion constant do not depend on the concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Ichiro Sakurada, Masao Hosono1959 Volume 16 Issue 166 Pages 108-114
Published: February 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentration dependence of the diffusion constant was found to vary from positive to negative with increasing temperature by the diffusion measurement of partially acetylated poly (vinyl alcohol). This may be interpreted quantitively by the Flory theory of high polymer solutions and by Eirich's work on the frictional resistance of high polymers. The Flory temperature θ and the entropy parameter φ1 obtained from the coefficient of concentration dependence of the diffusion constant was found to be in a good agreement with the value reported by Sakurada-Sakaguchi from the study on the phase equilibrium. The universal constant P-1Φ estimated from the intrinsic viscosity number and the diffusion constant was 2.2±0.2.View full abstractDownload PDF (1532K) -
Taisuke Ito, Kaishi Noma, Ichiro Sakurada1959 Volume 16 Issue 166 Pages 115-119
Published: February 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVinyl trifluoroacetate was polymerized in bulk at 60°C in the presence of 0.2% BPO. The polymer was then hydrolysed to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by various methods. Almost all samples of the PVA were soluble in water at 95°C and some of them at 105-115°C. The solution thus obtained (PVA 1-5%) was unstable at room temperature showing, according to samples, a reversible gelation or a precipitation of some insoluble portion by slight shaking. The number of 1, 2 glycol bonds per 100 vinyl bonds of the PVA was determined from its reaction with periodic acid by titration and found to be 1.05.View full abstractDownload PDF (1056K) -
XIV. A New Synthetic Method of N-Carbo-cresoxyamino AcidsYoshio Ishizuka, Tsuguo Saito1959 Volume 16 Issue 166 Pages 120-124
Published: February 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSN-Carbo-substituted-phenoxyamino acids which are used as monomers for synthetic polypeptides or polyamides have hitherto been prepared by hydrolysis of the corresponding esters which are the reaction products between ester of amino acid and substituted-phenyl chloroformate. This method is much less convienient in procedure and high in cost. Since the substituded-phenyl chloroformates are unstable in an aqueous alkali solution, usual Schotten-Baumann method in aqueous medium are difficult to utilize. Nevertheless, N-carbo-o-or-p-cresoxyamino acids have been prepared in high yields by modified method, in which the comparatively alkali-stable tolyl chloroformates are previously added to an aqueous solution of amino acid and a vigorous stirring continued during the dropping of an aqueous caustic soda solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (900K) -
I. On the Swelling of the Heat-treated Films of PVA Prepared Under the Various Polymerization ConditionsSaburo Imoto1959 Volume 16 Issue 166 Pages 125-128
Published: February 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe heat-treated films of PVA prepared under the various polymerization conditions were treated in the periodate aqueous solution, and swelled in water. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The degree of swelling increases with the temperature of polymerization, and with the conversion especially at high temperature. 2) In the photopolymerization at 0°C, there are some cases where the degree of swelling increases in spite of low polymerization temperature. 3) In PVA prepared at -10 and 20°C, it does not change between the degree of swelling in pure water and that in periodate solution. Consequently, though equally density and degree of swelling in water of the heat-treated films, there are the difference in fine texture caused by polymerization conditions. The increasing of degree of swelling with the conversion is presumably influenced by branching. 1, 2-Glycol exists in amorphous part in PVA, and has an influence on fine texture.View full abstractDownload PDF (854K) -
II. Characteristics of the Polymers Obtained at Low TemperatureSeizo Okamura, Toshinobu Higashimura, Yukio Imanishi1959 Volume 16 Issue 166 Pages 129-132
Published: February 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSα-Methylstyrene was polymerized in n-hexane-chloroform solvents catalyzed by BF3·O (C2H5)2 at -78°C. In the case of higher concentration (above 30% in volume) of chloroform and also of high conversion, polymers were found to be soluble in toluene and hot benzene, but to be partially insoluble in benzene at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction of unstretched film of the insoluble fraction in cold benzene represented sharp pattern. But after stretching the film, the pattern was diffused. X-ray diffraction pattern and the solubility of polymers may indicate that the insolubility of polymers in cold benzene is due to the cristallinity and also to the entanglement of polymer molecules.View full abstractDownload PDF (1580K) -
Seizo Okamura, Keizo Katagiri1959 Volume 16 Issue 166 Pages 133-136
Published: February 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fundamental study of the chain transfer reaction was carried out in the system of the mixed solvents (S1 and S2). The kinetical treatment by the assumption presented by Scanlan et al. resulted the following equation in the thermal polymerization. Where C is the chain transfer constant, P, the degree of polymerization, P0, P in the bulk polymerization and ƒ, the rejnitiating efficiency of the solvent radical (0≤ƒ≤1).From the relation between the concentrations of free radicals and monomer, another expressions were derived in the catalyzed polymerization. The above equation was justified by the experiment which was made in the system of styrene, carbon tetrachloride and mercaptoethanol.View full abstractDownload PDF (597K) -
I. Syntheses of High Polymers Containing Two Different Linkages by PolycondensationRyohei Oda, Shohei Tokiura, Akira Nagasaka, Masaya Okano1959 Volume 16 Issue 166 Pages 137-142
Published: February 25, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral unsymmetrical compounds having two of amino, hydroxy, ester and urethane groups at both ends of polymethylene or p-phenylene group were synthesized. By the polycondensation reactions between these compounds and symmetrical or unsymmetrical compounds, linear polymers containing any two groups of amide, ester, urea and urethane linkages were prepared. Among every combination, some polyamide-ureas from N-carbethoxyhexamethylenediamine and ethyl-ε-aminocaproate, or N-carbethoxy-ε-aminocaproic acid and hexamethylenediamine, and polyurea-urethanes from N-carbethoxy-hexamethylenediamine and N-carbethoxy-6-amino-hexanol, or 6-aminohexanol and hexamethylenediurethane have good fiber-forming property.View full abstractDownload PDF (1178K)
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