Methylcitric acid cycle, discovered by Tabuchi, as a propionate metabolism pathway in Yarrowia lipolytica has been reported to exist widely in many microorganisms including fungi and bacteria. The distribution of this cycle was investigated by metabolomic study using CE-MS and by enzymatic assay as well. 2-methylcitric acid was detected by anionic mode CE-TOFMS analysis in the culture of 12 out of 14 microbial species, when they were grown in the media containing propionate and acetate. These results were consistent with the distribution of methylcitrate synthase activity in microorganisms and the feasibility of this metabolomic approach is demonstrated.

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Sokuirei-Seiden-no-gi, Ceremony of the Enthronement of His Majesty the Emperor at the Seiden (State Hall) was held on October 22, 2019. However, this does not correctly inherit the Heian period rituals. There was a woman who attended this ritual during the Heian period. She wrote a diary and kept a record of that ritual. She wrote what she felt, but did not keep a detailed record of the ritual. There are questions about why she didn't write the whole ritual and what the actual ritual was. Aiming to understand her feelings through using old records to reproduce the ritual.

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In this study, the following findings were obtained as a result of energizing the artificially prepared ammonium carbonate solution and potassium nitrate solution.
(1) By energizing the ammonium carbonate solution, a part of ammonium ions in the solution changes into the ammonia gas and diffuses into air, and a part of ammonium ions changes into the nitric acid and exists as nitrate-nitrogen in water.
(2) By energizing the potassium nitrate solution, nitrate-nitrogen in the solution decreases.

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In this study, the following findings were obtained from experimental studies on ions in water, the amount of deposits on electrodes and the adhesion elements by changing the energization time, applied voltage, and materials of cathode electrode. (1)The higher the total ions in water, i.e., the higher the electric conductivity of water, which makes it easier to pass electricity, but the less effect of removing algae in water by adhering to the anode. (2)Although deposits on cathode increase due to energization, as the energization time increases, the area of the cathode that can be deposited and metal ions in water decrease, so the rate of increase in cathode deposits decreases. (3)The amount of deposits on the cathode shows a positive correlation with the applied voltage up to an applied voltage of about 10volts. Among the ions deposited, the magnesium ion is the most. (4)By using titanium cathode, the adhesion effect of metal ions to the cathode is increased.

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There are many variants of Suwa-Engi (The Origin of Suwadaimyōjin), such as Suwa-no-honji (諏訪の本地), Suwa-sōshi (諏訪草紙), and so on. Suwa-ryōsha-gohonji (諏訪両社御本地) in my possession is one of those variants of Suwa-Engi, which narrates the legendary origin of Suwataisha (諏訪大社) shrine. The text was copied by hand in 1858.
An important characteristic of the text differentiating it from other variants is that it contains folk traditions peculiar to the area around Sanada Town, Nagano Prefecture (長野県真田町). Consequently it should be recognized that the text is a valuable material with which to investigate the local trend of the faith in Suwadaimyōjin (諏訪大明神).
In this paper, I have reprinted the text and given a bibliographical introduction to it.

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The milling system of pseudo simultaneous five-axis machining is discussed in this study, applied to such as multi-tasking machine with 4-axis simultaneous machining and spindle headstock milling. This novel alternative method is comparable to full 5-axis simultaneous machining and allows us to execute machining complex shape without a required equipment. Pseudo simultaneous five-axis machining is the following: During cutting at one pass, ball-end mill attached at the spindle rotates temporarily without cutting at a certain time, and then 4-axis simultaneous machining continues. VERICUT which is dedicated CNC simulation and verification software is used to customize the CAM post process. Milling experiments of the present method are carried out with simultaneous 5-axis vertical machining center(MAZAK, VARIAXIS 500-5XII) and multi-tasking machine(MAZAK, INTEGREX j-200) in our college. It is found that the pseudo simultaneous five-axis machining would be utilized for milling by using indexing 4-axis simultaneous machine.

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In recent years, electric guitars have become an indispensable instrument in the world music scene. If an electric guitar is used, the timbre can be changed by passing through a circuit such as a filter at the electrical signal stage. In this way, effectors are widely used to change the timbre, and many professional musicians use a variety of effectors. When an amateur musician tries to copy the music of a professional musician, even if the same guitar or amp is prepared, the same timbre will not be achieved without the same effector. In addition, few musicians disclose the types and parameters of effectors, and the equipments are expensive. The reproduction of the timbre is done by trial and error based on experience and feeling by each musician. This is not an easy task for beginners. In this paper the timbre comparison methods is compared to easily reproduce the sound modulated by effectors. The methods evaluated in this paper are direct, FFT (fast Fourier transform), SFFT (short-time Fourier transform), MFCC (Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) and meta-MFCC. The effects evaluated in this paper are distortion, reverb and delay.
Comparing the evaluation of characteristics calculate by a computer and that by human hearing, it is shown that distortion can estimate parameters with any characteristics accurately. The MFCC system was found to be good for three effects to reproduce the orginal parameters, especially SMFCC (short-time Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients)and meta MFCC were found to be particularly good. The computational cost of the FFT system was reduced to about20 percent compared to the MFCC system. There was almost no difference in cost in the FFT or MFCC system. The time cost for the comparison was low in the FFT and MFCC systems, especially the FFT, MFCC, and meta MFCC. Therefore meta MFCC is considered to be optimal if the specific gravity is compared in order of the human auditory characteristics.

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This paper is a guide to 50 books of Page Turners Reading Library published by Heinle, Cengage Learning, which area 12-level graded reading series of original stories from level 1(200 headwords) to level 12 (2600 headwords). Considering that other ordinary graded readers are divided into 6 levels, the 12 levels seem too minute to be useful. The concept of Page Turners, however, is quite successful in forcing the reader to turn pages with growing interest. Every Page Turners book is enjoyable just because it compels the reader to want to know what is going on, or what will happen next, which sometimes turns out to be not so interesting after all, though. In addition to how to read English, the reader can learn how to write fiction,especially, various techniques of arousing the reader’s curiosity and keeping his/her attention.
The books from level 1 to level 4, set in a fictional Brenton College in the Unites States, are seemingly created as a companion series to Foundations Reading Library in which Bayview High School students' daily lives and extraordinary adventures are vividly described. Since the new heroes and heroines are older than the former counterparts, the stories are much more serious and far more complicated with adult conflicts. As a result, the protagonists can no longer stay around school; naturally the books from level 5 on to the end have nothing to do with Brenton College. Now the setting limitation is gone, stories are written as freely as possible. Many of these are the products of Cambridge English Readers authors like Sue Leather, Richard MacAndrew, Margaret Johnson, and Antoinette Moses. Page Turners makes good use of the forerunner's know-how, effectively adding a Macmillan English Readers-like illustrated introduction of characters before the text. Sue Leather and Julian Thomlinson's collaborated work Heart of a Fighter and Irene Barrall's unique, heartwarming story The Long Road to Lucca are highly recommended as excellent examples of this series.

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A talented producer Yoshinobu NISHIZAKI (1934-2010), who is famous for his legendary anime movie Farewell to Space Battleship Yamato (1978), was disgraced as a "scoundrel" in his first biography titled The Man Who Made Space Battleship Yamato: The Madness of Yoshinobu NISHIZAKI (2015). Farewell to Space Battleship Yamato and its TV series Space Battleship Yamato II (1978-79) were recently remade as Star Blazers: Space Battleship Yamato 2202 (2017-19) by Harutoshi FUKUI, novelist known for film versions of his original works such as Lorelei and Gundam Unicorn. Contrary to Yamato fans’ expectations, the new Yamato 2202 turned out to be a sheer failure, or another disgrace to the lamented NISHIZAKI.
In this paper, a close comparison is made between Farewell to Space Battleship Yamato and Space Battleship Yamato 2202, with some reference to NISHIZAKI's other Yamato films and FUKUI's own novels. As a result, their themes are proved to be opposed to each other: NISHIZAKI, belonging to the war generation, evaluated "Tokko" suicide attacks as respectable acts to protect compatriots, while FUKUI, postwar democrat, blindly believes in the "Peace" Constitution of Japan given by the US general Douglass MacArthur, from which protagonist KODAI's unbelievably obsessive, pacifistic deeds originate.

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Yoshinobu NISHIZAKI's 1978 anime movie Farewell to Space Battleship Yamato was a milestone in the history of Japan's animation, moving an audience of four million Japanese to tears at the ending where protagonist KODAI made a "Tokko" suicide attack on the White Comet in order to prevent it from invading the Earth. I, the author of this paper, saw the unforgettable film as a schoolboy knowing almost nothing about the background to the source of the powerful emotions. As I grew older, it became clear that we cried for the souls of the kamikaze members who chose to make self-sacrifice just to defend their mother country Japan where their parents, siblings and friends lived; the crew of Japanese Navy's largest and strongest battleship Yamato were such unselfish patriots thinking first of other people's happiness. Through creating the Yamato series, NISHIZAKI devoted his life insisting on the true value of their deeds.
Due to the postwar "peace" education in Japan, many of the ex-Yamato fans grew up to be typical Japanese adults who bitterly criticize the theme of Farewell to Space Battleship Yamato, ashamed of the tears they once shed. One of them Harutoshi FUKUI remade the legendary movie to Star Blazers 2202, removing the essence of NISHIZAKI's lifework. However, let us remember that it was the Yamato spirit that overcame the 2011 disaster of the Great East Japan Earthquake, and that Takashi YAMAZAKI's 2010 live-action movie Space Battleship Yamato was true to the original, paying a tribute to the memory of Yoshinobu NISHIZAKI(1934-2010). I also wrote this paper for him with not only respect but everlasting gratitude.

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In this study, I aim to clarify the feature of the genre by analyzing statistically the use of vocabulary of the Japanese modern literatures. It seems that the juvenile and the fantasy are different genre, have different readers, and therefore have different style. I select as juveniles Gongitsune 'Gon, the little fox'，Tebukuro wo Kaini' Buying Mittens' both by NIIMI Nankichi, Kumonoito 'The Spider's Thread' by AKUTAGAWA Ryunosuke, and Tyumonno-oi Ryoriten 'The Restaurant of Many Orders' by MIYAZAWA Kenji, and as fantasies Koya-hijiri 'The Saint of Mt. Koya', Yashaga-ike 'Demon Lake' both by IZUMI Kyoka, Ningen-isu 'The Human Chair' by EDOGAWA Ranpo, and Sangetsuki 'The Moon above the Mountains' by NAKAJIMA Atsushi. 300 pieces quoted from beginning of each target works in Aozora-bunnko library texts are analyzed by morphological analysis tool Web-chamame, and from the result got by the analysis above, the indicator which represent the usages of vocabulary is calculated and the basic tendency of the target works can be grasped.
I compose a new parameter which can sum up the information of data, perform the principal component analysis (PCA) to grasp the characteristic of the target works. Furthermore, I apply the cluster analysis using the new variable provided by PCA and by classifying target works in some unities (cluster），try to consider what characteristic of the target works can be seen, or what kind of difference can be studied by a genre from a quantitative point of view.
As a result of basic analysis, I can point out that the rate of Japanese words or that of Sino-Japanese written by hiragana characters show the statistical significant difference by a genre. By the cluster analysis, I recognized the similarity between the same genre, but also found that there are some works which have the different character from which genre is generally said.

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Simultaneous multi-axis NC machining education is developed by using information-communication technology, such as NC simulation. The simulation by VERICUT is used to verify tool motion and material removal process on PC screen. Required cutting conditions in the real machining are provided in the Excel table shared. As a result, practice by means of VERICUT and CAD/CAM is found to be effective to learn the skill of simultaneous multi-axis NC machining.

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Colchester is in north-east Essex, on the banks of the River Colne. It had a long history as a producer of woollen cloth and since the late sixteenth century it was renowned for producing the so-called New Draperies which were sold in Spain, Portugal and Latin America. But in the early eighteenth century, the cloth trade in Colchester, badly affected by the French Wars, was already on the way to decline.
The borough corporation of Colchester did not exercise effective leadership in helping the cloth industry. It was absorbed by its own factional diputes between Tories and Whigs. In 1742 the borough charter was confiscated after proceedngs against the mayor and the corporation had forced them disclaim their rights.
Philip Morant, a rector of St Mary's at the Walls in Colchester and a local historian, published The History and Antiquities in the Most Ancient Town and Borough of Colchester in the County of Essex in 1748. He was an observer of the final years of the old corporation. In his book, Morant deplored what he saw as the decayed state of Colchester as the reduction in the cloth trade coincided with the loss of the charter. His paternalism was affronted by the social problems he perceived without an effective administration to relieve them. Morant was aware that the cloth industry was giving way to the service industries of a consumer society. But he rejected them as luxurious and corrupt. Through the detailed analysis of the Morant's narrative, this article tries to show how an eighteenth-century historian understood the historical process of urban decline in a provincial town.

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