MICROBIOLOGY and IMMUNOLOGY
Online ISSN : 1348-0421
Print ISSN : 0385-5600
ISSN-L : 0385-5600
Volume 24, Issue 5
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
  • Takeshi ITOH, Kahiko SAITO, Tsutom MARUYAMA, Senzo SAKAI, Makoto OHASH ...
    1980Volume 24Issue 5 Pages 371-379
    Published: May 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An outbreak of acute enteritis due to Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni involving a total of 35 out of 74 children occurred at a nursery school in Tokyo in January 1979 and lasted for 7 days. It was the first case of a community outbreak of the disease to be recognized in Japan.
    The major symptoms observed in the patients consisted of diarrhea (88%), fever (82%), abdominal pain (39%), and vomiting (6.1%). The rate of isolation of the organism from the patients was 39%. Sera of four patients showed elevated agglutinin titers against the organism ranging from 1 : 80 to 1 : 320.
    Although it is suggested that the outbreak was caused by a communal lunch or between-meal snacks prepared by and provided at the nursery school, the incriminated food, source and route of contamination could not be pinpointed.
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  • Histopathological Features
    Masako KONO, Hideo TANAKA, Masumi YAYOSHI, Minako ARAAKE, Morimasa YOS ...
    1980Volume 24Issue 5 Pages 381-391
    Published: May 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Histopathological examinations were performed on arthritic joints and other organs of strain BALB/cA nu/nu and nu/+ mice intravenously injected with Mycoplasma pulmonis strain m53. In both groups of mice suffering from polyarthritis, acute inflammatory lesions with infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the synovia and periarticular tissues were observed one to two weeks after injection. In nu/nu mice, the acute inflammation appeared repeatedly up to 20 weeks after inoculation, when the experiment was terminated, and furthermore, extensive synovial and periarticular necrosis were characteristically present after the 4th week. Only a small number of lymphocytes and plasma cells were in the lesions. In nu/+ mice, after the early acute inflammation of arthritis, relapses of the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were also observed in some mice in and after the 10th week. In addition, infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells was substantial after the 15th week. Focal necrosis was sometimes found in the liver of nu/nu mice. Perivascular infiltration of small lymphocytes and plasma cells was found in the lungs, liver and kidney of nu/+ mice in and after the 15th week. Repair mechanisms of injured articular tissues in nu/nu mice were histopathologically poor, while those in nu/+ mice seemed to be progressive and quite similar to those reported by many investigators for mice with the thymus intact. The histopathological differences are discussed in respect to the thymus-dependent immune responses.
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  • Seiya OGATA, Kyoung Ho CHOI, Motoyoshi HONGO
    1980Volume 24Issue 5 Pages 393-400
    Published: May 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    When exponentially growing cells of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum (ATCC 13564) were exposed to hypertonic concentrations of sucrose (0.3-0.5 M), rapid degradation of the cell wall occurred (sucrose-induced autolysis). The morphological changes from the original rod-shaped cells to protoplasts during the sucrose-induced autolysis were investigated by phase contrast and electron microscopy. When the cells were autolysed in the sucrose solution (0.35 M), each cell began to swell at the middle or at one pole and then formed a small bulb at the swollen part. The bulb consisted of the cytoplasm which was enveloped by the plasma membrane and extruded from the small gap produced by the degradation of the cell wall. The bulb gradually enlarged as lysis progressed, and finally became a protoplast which had no cell wall. The large pre-division cell frequently formed the bulb at the middle (septal site), while the small post-division cell formed the bulb at the pole.
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  • Keinosuke OKAMOTO, Hidetaka ICHIKAWA, Yasuko KAWAMOTO, Akio MIYAMA, Sa ...
    1980Volume 24Issue 5 Pages 401-408
    Published: May 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Twenty-three strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated from children with gastrointestinal illness and examined for the production of enterotoxins by using both suckling mouse and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell assay systems. Six strains were found to be enterotoxigenic in the suckling mouse assay, but all strains were negative in the CHO cell assay. Enterotoxin was detected in the culture supernatant when organisms were grown at 25 C but not at 37 C. Enterotoxin in a 15-fold concentrated culture supernatant was precipitated by adding absolute ethanol to a concentration of 90%. However, after being dialyzed against distilled water in Spectra/por 6 membrane tubing, it was soluble in 80% acetone. One unit dose of partially purified enterotoxin was 5.0μg of protein/mouse in the suckling mouse assay. The molecular weight of enterotoxin was between 10, 000 and 50, 000 daltons as determined by ultrafiltration. It was stable to heat (121 C × 20 min or 100 C× 60 min). These observations indicate that Y. enterocolitica isolated in Japan also produce an enterotoxin similar to the heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. However its physicochemical properties seem to be different from those of E. coli.
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  • Sumio SHINODA, Toshinobu SENOH, Kazuyo ASANO, Noriko NAKAHARA, Bun-ich ...
    1980Volume 24Issue 5 Pages 409-418
    Published: May 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Polar monotrichous flagella (M-flagella) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus have antigens in common with those of various species of Vibrio including V. cholerae and V. anguillarum, and of Beneckea, revealed by gel diffusion tests with flagellin monomers. However, antiserum against M-flagellin of V. parahaemolyticus did not agglutinate cells of V. cholerae and V. anguillarum, although it did agglutinate cells of V. parahaemolyticus. Agglutination tests after absorption of the antiserum with purified M-flagellar filaments or flagellin monomers and H-agglutination inhibition tests demonstrated that there are two different antigenic determinants in M-flagella as in lateral flagella. One is on the surface of the M-flagella (surface antigenic determinant, SA) and disappears or is buried in dissociated monomers. The other is inside the flagella (internal antigenic determinant, IA) and is exposed when the flagella are dissociated to flagellin monomers. SA of V. parahaemolyticus is different from those of V. cholerae and V. anguillarum, whereas the three species have a common IA.
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  • I. Separation of Three Species of Proteins and Their Preliminary Characterization
    Eiji KONISHI, SUSUMU HOTTA
    1980Volume 24Issue 5 Pages 419-428
    Published: May 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was purified and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in discontinuous buffer systems. Three bands were revealed by staining with Coomassie blue; two of them (E1 and E2) were associated with the membrane, and one (C) with the core. Their molecular weights were estimated to be 56, 000 (E1), 52, 000 (E2), and 36, 000 (C), irrespective of the concentration of acrylamide in the gels. The molar ratios of E1, E2, and C were almost equal when the sample buffer was Tris-HC1, whereas they were different when phosphate buffer was used.
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  • Takashi MIKI
    1980Volume 24Issue 5 Pages 429-438
    Published: May 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The dependence on concanavalin A (Con A) concentration of agglutinability of some enveloped RNA viruses grown in transformed cells was compared with that of those grown in nontransformed cells. The avian oncoviruses were purified by centrifuging to equilibrium in a combination equilibrium : viscosity gradient of potassium tartrate and glycerol after conventional isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Avian oncoviruses were more agglutinable with Con A when grown in transformed cells than when grown in nontransformed cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus grown in transformed cells was also more agglutinable than the virus grown in nontransformed cells. These results agree with the concept that the envelopes are modified by host cell transformation and that, therefore, viruses grown in transformed cells are expected to be more agglutinable with Con A than those grown in nontransformed cell.
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  • Tatsuo SAITO-TAKI, Hiroaki ASOU, Masayasu NAKANO
    1980Volume 24Issue 5 Pages 439-448
    Published: May 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Proliferative activity of cultured spleen cells obtained from mice 1 to 5 weeks after infection with attenuated strains of Salmonella typhimurium was examined in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A (Con A). Spontaneous uptake of 3H-thymidine (TdR) by cells taken from infected mice at the 2nd and 3rd weeks was obviously lower than that by cells from uninfected, control mice. Cells from infected mice at the 4th and 5th weeks also showed a lower proliferative response to LPS than that of the controls. However, the responses of the cells to Con A remained virtually unchanged during the entire period. Furthermore, the reduction of spontaneous 3H-TdR uptake by the cells could be achieved also by the injection of heat-killed instead of living organisms.
    The T- and B-lymphocyte populations of these spleen cells were examined by the dye exclusion cytotoxic test using rabbit anti-mouse T- and anti-mouse B-lymphocyte sera, respectively. There was some alteration of the populations in the cells, but it did not correlate with the reduction in 3H-TdR uptake.
    Results of expriments with cultured cells reconstituted with lymphocytes and macrophages isolated from spleen cells suggested that the spontaneous reduction of proliferative activity observed in cells taken from the infected mice could be attributed to the dysfunction of macrophages.
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  • Kohji KAYASHIMA, Kaoru ONOUE, Akira NAKAGAWARA, Shigeki MINAKAMI
    1980Volume 24Issue 5 Pages 449-461
    Published: May 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Treatment of macrophages with cytochalasin E in combination with a lectin was found to stimulate the generation of superoxide anions (O2-) very efficiently. The macrophages stimulated with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin or wheat germ agglutinin released superoxide, but cells pretreated with cytochalasin E released much greater amounts of superoxide, without notable lag time, upon stimulation with the lectin. Wheat germ agglutinin was found to be the most efficient stimulant among the lectins tested. Superoxide generation in guinea pig macrophages was shown to be dependent largely on cytoplasmic glucose metabolism and to some extent on mitochondrial respiration, since the superoxide release was largely but not totally inhibited by 2-deoxyglucose and to a lesser extent by antimycin A or KCN. The method presented is sensitive and allows rapid assay of the superoxide-generating activity with only 1-5 × 105 macrophages for a single determination. In application of this technique, elevation of the superoxide-generating activity was shown with macrophages elicited by chemical inflammation or those obtained from mice after treatment with tubercle bacilli.
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  • Toyozoh TAKAHASHI
    1980Volume 24Issue 5 Pages 463-468
    Published: May 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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