Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a major inflammatory factor that regulates tissue destruction in periodontitis and promotes the release of Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1, which breaks down the gingival extracellular matrix. MMP-1 is one of the proteolytic enzymes that are capable of cleaving collagen and may play an important role in the destruction of connective tissue. The present study investigated the effects of Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler eluate on the secretion of MMP-1 by human gingival fibroblast (HGF) stimulated with the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. S-PRG filler eluate did not alter Akt or nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation levels in TNF-α-stimulated HGF. In the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, S-PRG filler eluate did not alter the phosphorylation level of p38 in TNF-α-stimulated HGF, but decreased that of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).

These results will facilitate the development of new anti-inflammatory agents for periodontal disease using materials composed of S-PRG filler eluate.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly mortal disease and one of the most malignant gastrointestinal tumors. Our previous studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of eIF2a, which occurs during endoplasmic reticulum stress, suppresses cell invasive capacity. However, the relationship between radiation-induced ER stress and cell invasion is not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of combining irisin with radiation therapy on apoptosis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells, and in this study, we also investigated the mechanism of the effect of irisin and radiation therapy on pancreatic cancer cells, and we hope that this approach may improve the survival rate of pancreatic cancer. Our data suggest that the combination of irisin and radiation therapy can inhibit the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of calmodulin (CaM), and identified the Ca²⁺- CaM signaling pathway, which may play a key role in the induction of irisin and radiation therapy in role in the era where malignant tumors have entered the era of individual therapy and the expression status of specific targets has become the patient's chemotherapy regimen, which also allows the combination of irisin and radiation therapy to provide new ideas for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

In a phototoxicity test, a solar simulator with a tungsten lamp, of which the calorific power is great, is used, but, concerning the LED-type irradiator that we developed, the influence of heat on the cultured cells can be mostly ignored, and an experiment may be conducted while placing the LED closer to the cultured cells. No study has examined the distance between cultured cells and a light source. In this study, we established the distance between cultured cells and a LED: short and long distance groups, and investigated the 3T3 cell viability using an MTT assay to clarify the influence on the phototoxicity level in the Bis-GMA + Camphorquinone (CQ) and Bis-GMA groups.

The results showed that cell viability rapidly increased with an increase in the dilution ratio in the long distance group. However, in the short distance group, it only slightly increased with an increase in the dilution ratio. In the Bis-GMA group, photoirradiation slightly influenced cell viability. There was a marked change in phototoxicity related to the distance between the LED and cells. As light-cured composite resin contains a large amount of nanofiller, the influence of composition with a nanomaterial should be examined in the future.

The in vivo environment is a state in which cells are always present under pressures, such as blood pressure. Previous studies examined the influence of pressures, such as gravity, on biotissue, that is, various effects on tissues and cells. We prepared a specific centrifuge incubator that makes it possible to maintain the intra-centrifuge temperature at 37°C from a circulation-type constant temperature water bath, and investigated its influence on the viability of mouse-derived ES and connective-tissue-derived Balb/c 3T3 (3T3) cells. The results showed that ES-D3 cell viability was lower than 3T3 cell viability when a centrifugal force was applied in the initial phase of culture. In the future, the influence on cell differentiation in addition to cell proliferation should be examined.