The author insist that Agricultural Revolution is taking place rapidly in Japan at present time, as it can compare with the case of Agricultural Revolution which took place in England over one hundred years ago. Specially, the number of dairy cattle and small garden tractors are increasing prominently, also the application of ladino-clover, forage crops in the water field of rice and improvement of wild grassland by pastural grasses are the most important tendency and those are the most characteristic points of Agricultural Revolution in Japan.

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For 50 years or more, red clover, hairy vetch and orchard grass have been cultivated in Morioka, and now some of them have escaped abundantly from the fields. The osmotic value of these escaped plants was observed, by measuring the osmotic pressure of the epidermal cells of leaves at incipient plasmolysis in cane sugar solution. On these plants the osmotic value fulactuates daily, the maximum value appears in the noon, and the minimum in the early mornieg. On summer days before flowering, the maximum value is 0.35-0.36 on red clover and hairy vetch, and 0.36-0.37 on orchard grass, since these plants show 0.34-0.35 of osmotic value at 8 a.m., about 94-97% of the maximum value. In winter, the osmotic value of these plants is very high, red clover shows 0.60 value under the snow. The osmotic value also changes according to the growth periods of these plants, it falls gradually from spring to summer, about 0.36 in early summer. But it starts to ascend on some 10 days before flowering. In flowering time it falls suddenly and then ascend again to reach fruiting stage, in this stage the osmotic value is about 0.38-0.39. On the seedlings of these plants cultivated in pots, the osmotic value is 0.33-0.35, after germination, it continues to ascend after germination and reach flowering time, since on red clover and hairy vetch it falls a little before ascending.

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Expreiments were performed to investigated the resistance of some winter forage crops to high soil moisture. Italin rye grass, Rye, Oat and common vetch were used as matelials. These crops were planted on the soil which were divided in the following three plots, on the basis of their moisture content, (1) optimum soil moisture, (2) high soil moisture and (3) low soil moisture. Italian rye grass was not influenced by high soil moisture in the length and the leaf-broad, but the yield was low as compared with that obtained in (1) and (3). On the contrary, high soil moisture has a severe influence on the growth of the Oat, Rye and Common vetch.

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In the previous paper the author reported on the growth of various crops in soil of optimum, high and low moisture, and it was found that Italian rye grass was more resistant to high moisture than Rye and Oat. It is known that absorption of water by root from the soil solution and resistance of plant to freezing and to desiccation are partly able to be determined by osmosis. The results of the comparative study on limiting concentration causing plasmolysis of root-cell and on the osmotic concentration of root-sap by means of freezing point method were reported in this paper. Italian rye grass, Rye and Oat were used as materials, and those plants were cultured in three plots classified on the basis of their moisture contents of soil. The results were as follows: (1) The limiting concentrations of plasmolysis of root-cells decreased with the progress of day from february to march; it increased in february, the coldest period of the year, and decreased very rapidly. (2) The limiting concentration of Italian rye grass was lower than that of the others. (3) When these crops grew in plot of high moisture, their osmotic concentrations were lower than those of the crops in the others. (4) A simillar tendency was observed also in experiment carried out by means of freezing point method. (5) Water absorption of various crops was decreased at low soil temperature, especially, this phenomenon was observed in the crops growing in soil of high moisture. (6) The osmotic concentration of Italian rye grass was lower as compared with that of the other crops growing in soil of high moisture, but the amount of water absorpted by Italian rye grass was greater than those by the other. (7) The moisture contents of these crops were less in soil of high moisture than in soil of optimal and low moisture. Judging from above observation, it seems that the amount of bound water increases in these crops growing in soil of optimal and low moisture.

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1. The snow-blight diseases of winter cereals caused by three fungi (Typhula, Pythium, Fusarium) are widely distributed in Hokuriku districts. The present paper deals with the results of the experiments on the snow blight disease of grasses and winter cereals. 2. The damage of each crops caused by three snow blight diseases in the field are as follows. 1) The damage caused by Typhula and Pythium were a few in perennial grasses (orchardgrass, Timothy, fescue, bromegrass, etc.). On the other hand, Oat and Italian ryegrass were showed very severity. 2) The damage caused by Fusarium was severe in rye and barley, especially in rye. 3. In the Inoculation experiments of three fungi to barley, oat, rye and Italian ryegrass writer found that, oat, Italian ryegrass were highly susceptible to the attack of Pythium sp. and Typhula Itoana. Barley and rye were moderately susceptible to those fungi. But rye was highly susceptible to Fusarium nivale. 4. The damage of grasses and cereals caused by Typhula correlates to the sowing date. Greater damage was observed in the late-sown, than in the early. Transplanting was severe damage. 5. Spraeing copper compound and dusting organic mercury was effective to control the snow-blight disease caused by Typhula.

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In the present paper are given the results of some experiments on the seed germination of lespedeza with reference to the handling of impermeable seeds in its breeding. By three generations of continuous selection, "Climax" lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim.) was divided into two groups, named impermeable strain and permeable strain. These two strains have considerable difference concerning permeability. Immediately after harvest, the seeds of these strains were sown in the pots which were buried in the field at the level of soil surface. Most of the seeds of permeable strain germinated during winter and died with the cold weather. On the other hand impermeable strain had less germinated seeds during winter, so more survivals were obtained in the succeeding year. This fact suggests that the selection of strains with more impermeable seeds is desirable to insure volunteering in lespedeza field.

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We have been conducting many experiments in order to prove the conservation capability of some forage crops to the bank. Results of these experiments are as follows; 1. Quantities of runoff water and eroded soils from the bank were different according to the kind of forage crops growing there. There were most runoff water on the grasses' plot, medium on the orchards and lest on the clovers. There were most eroded soils on the clover's plot, medium on the orchards' and least on the grasses'. 2. Soil compactness in the bank were different according to the kind of forage crops. Generally speaking, clovers made soft the surface soil, whereas grasses made compact it. Tests by the soil compactness testing machine, measurements of resistance of panicum sanguinele roots against pulling and of the water permeability of soil, showed us the same results. 3. The soil holding ability of roots was different according to the kind of forage crops. We measured the soil holding ability of roots by testing the rate of washed out soils to the total soils held by roots in the water. According to these tests, clovers of the first year growt; showed 99% and these of the second year growth, over 84%. Wheres Japanese lorns showed 59.4% and other grasses 48-51%. Generally, it seemes that grasses have higher holding ability than legumes. 4. Degrees of Mole-injuries on the bank ware different according to the kind of forage crops Growing there. Ladino clover showed a high rate of injuries whereas grasses showed a low rate of them. We found out the fact that there were many larvae of soybean beetle in the fields after planting soybeans or ladino clovers, and it seems that the kind of forage crops in the fields are connected closely with the appearance of the special insect.

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1. Turnip (Brassica rapa), rutabaga (B. napus), rape (B. napus) and relative plants were interspecifically crossed to raise tuberous forage crops. 2. F_1 seeds were sown on 24th July and 26th August, 1957. The experimental field is located in Yumoto (about 700m high), Nasu, Tochigi-Ken. 3. F_1 plants showed more vigorous growth than any of rape and rutabaga variety. Rutabaga inherited its tuberous character when it was used as female, with no relation to pollinated male plants. When rape, which develops not tuberous root, was used as female plant, F_1 showed no tendency of tuberous character even though pollinated by tuberous turnip.

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It was been shown that homogeneity, time, wide of sowing by seed sower compared with hand sowing, effects as follows: 1) There is three meters the wide of sowing by seed sower that hand sowing also same. 2) It is nineteen minutes per Tan (0.25 acres) the time of sowing by seed sower that one three are the same as compared with hand sowing. 3) The seed sower better homogeneous than hand sowing on the broadcasted seeds, therefore two repeats by seed sower are the same value that four repeats by hand sowing.

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[in Japanese]

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An experiment was conducted from Oct. 1955 to June 1956, to evaluate the influence of nitrogen and barnyard manure (hence referred to simply as manure) applied at varied rates to fall sown oats. As for nitrogen treatments, three levels were tested: (a) application of 22.5 kg of ammonium sulfate per TAN, (b) 45Kg per TAN, and (c) no application as control. And, in all possible combinations with these treatments, manure were likewise adopted at three levels of 0, 1,500 and 3,000 kg per TAN. The growth response of oats was measured three times and the plants were harvested in heading stage to determine the yields. The composite samples from four replicated plots were analyzed for their chemical compositions. Throughout the stages of growth, the plants supplied larger amounts of nitrogen or manure thrived well continually. In harvest stage, plant height and culm numbers per 50cm row rose in proportion to the increments of those applications. Statistically significant increase in forage yield resulted from proportionate increase of applications of either material, but the interaction of these two was not significant. The contents of crude protein and crude fibre increased as nitrogen or manure was increased, and, therefore, those of nitrogen-free extract were adversely effected. On the other hand, the percentage of dry matter and crude ash was heightened as manure increased while it was lowered by nitrogen applicatons. Generally speaking, comparatively large contents of nitrate nitrogen were observed on the plots where manure was applied. Though the highest content of 0.12% (dry matter basis) was attained at the case of the largest rates of both applications put together, the contents were still fairly below the toxic level for cattle. Perhaps, this low content would be due to abundant rainfalls and soil moisture during the experimental period. We hope that the most adequate amounts of the above two fertilizers should be decided on from the economical evaluation of these experimental results.

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