巻号一覧
37 巻 (1995)
- 4 号 p. 201-
- 3 号 p. 115-
- 2 号 p. 59-
- 1 号 p. 1-
37 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1～12を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
NICHOLAS WADE1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 115
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (63K) -
コントラストの極性・線端間距離・線分方向の効果濱田 治良1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 117-124
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーThe illusory strength of Ehrenstein figures with positive (black lines on gray background) or negative (white lines on gray background) contrasts, and gap sizes, and line orientations was investigated. Irrespective of contrast polarity, the gray between the lines was judged to be darker than the same gray in a figure without lines. The effect of gap size depended on contrast polarity: With positive contrast the illusion was strongest for the small gap and decreased with increasing gap size: with negative contrast the illusion was weakest for the small gap and increased with gap size. With mixed-contrast patterns (alternating light and dark radial lines) the perceived lightness laid between that of the positive and negative contrast figures. Horizontal and vertical lines had more influence than oblique lines in mixed-contrast: When they were negative, the results more nearly resembled those of pure negative contrast: when they were positive, the results resembled those of positive contrast. The results might he interpreted within the context of a compound model of contrast perception with local antagonistic and global nonantagonistic inhibition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2994K) -
多屋 頼典1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 125-133
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーWhen gray and black alternating bars in white and black alternating grids were observed through a stereoscope, the visual system detects an imaginary rectangle of gray bars which appeared in the rear or front stereoscopic plane. The rectangle in the rear stereoscopic plane looked amodally completed and opaque dark gray. The dark gray was caused by the contrast with the white background. The rectangle in the front stereoscopic plane looked modally completed, translucent and blackish. The black was caused by the assimilation to the black grids in the rear stereoscopic plane. When the rectangle was moved to and fro horizontally, both rear and front rectangles looked more vivid and blacker. These results indicate that both contrast and assimilation are closely related to object perception in the real world, reminiscent of Kanizsa's modal and amodal completions. When a focal area is admitted as a thing, two phenomena tend to occur; one is called contrast, which exaggerates the difference between the thing and the not-thing, while the other is called, assimilation, which neglects any differences within the thing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5798K) -
宮原 清水, 秋田 宗平1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 134-138
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーThe visual system has a mechanism to derive a three-dimensional percept from a luminance gradient in a two-dimensional figure-ground pattern. This is known as the “shape from shading” mechanism. In this report, we attempted to show that the three-dimensional percept of a physically homogeneous circular figure could be induced by a luminance gradient of a square background. The induction of this three-dimensional percept was investigated by systematically varying two independent variables: the mean luminance of the background and the luminance of the figure. The dependent variable was the strength of the three-dimensionality given by a magnitude estimation procedure. We conclude that the strength of the three-dimensionality depends upon a brightness gradient in the figure induced by the luminance gradient in the background.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1943K) -
中溝 幸夫, 近藤 倫明1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 139-145
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーMagnitudes of the apparent depth of eccentric circles and real cone stimuli were measured as a function of viewing distance when they were rotated on a circular disc and viewed monocularly. The diameters of the largest circle and base of the cone were 5, 10, 20, and 40 cm at the viewing distances, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 m, respectively. The height of each cone was equal to the diameter of its base. The cones were tilted 15 deg from the fronto-parallel plane so that their retinal images approximated to those of the eccentric circles stimuli. Eight observers produced the magnitude of depth of the perceived stimuli at each of the four viewing distances. The mean magnitude of the apparent depth for the eccentric circles stimulus increased linearly as a function of the viewing distance. The height of the cone stimulus was perceived veridically. The results of the experiment are consistent with the motion parallax hypothesis which states that the visual system calibrates motion parallax according to absolute distance information in processing stereokinetic depth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (498K) -
鳥居 修晃, 望月 登志子1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 146-157
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーThe present experiment was planned to examine whether or not the congenitally blind after surgery were capable of seeing the subjective contour, when Kanizsa's original and a modified version of it were presented for the first time. Three subjects (M. O., To. M. and K. T.) who have continued a series of experiments for visual learning with us participated in the experimental runs. All subjects have already attained the ability to identify the 2D shape and solids. Initially it was expected that the subject's response could be classified as indicating that the subjective contours were seen or that they were not. However, it was found that (1) at least another two classes of responses should be added, and (2) that the commonly reported phenomenon of subjective contours in the normally sighted was rare in the congenitally blind subjects after surgery. A theoretical implication of the results is briefly discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2811K) -
WALTER H. EHRENSTEIN, 濱田 治良1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 158-169
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーSize contrast was studied in the Ebbinghaus illusion with inducing circles (ICs) that were either larger or smaller than the central test circle (TC). Four ICs formed either squares or diamonds; or in a mixed-size condition four large ICs alternated with four small ICs. Figures were presented on printed cards and studied as a function of IC-TC distance, or displayed on a computer screen at various angles of orientation. A separate circle, presented left or right of an Ebbinghaus figure and varying in size, served for simultaneous comparision. A general overestimation was found for figures presented right from the comparison circle. Size contrast diminished with increasing IC-TC distance for small ICs, but increased for large ICs. Square arrays had stronger inducing effects than diamonds with small ICs, but weaker with large ICs: the mixed-size condition resulted in a small underestimation. Furthermore, size contrast depended systematically on the angle of IC-array orientation. The Ebbinghaus illusion thus obeys structural factors in a rather peculiar way, suggesting the necessity of a compound model of size contrast.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (857K) -
曽我 重司, 元木 正典, 野口 薫1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 170-177
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーA configuration looking like a cross of a black rectangle and a white rectangle on a mid-gray background was uniformly illuminated. Illuminance of the total display and the reflectance of the central area were systematically changed. The subjects were asked to judge which one, the black or the white, looked transparent or in front, and to judge the lightness of the central area. It was found that there was a very high correlation between transparency and lightness judgment: when the central area looked darker, the black appeared transparent, and this relation was reversed in the case where the central area was rather light. It was further demonstrated that as illuminance was increased, the “white-transparency” became more and more dominant over the “black-transparency”. These findings suggested the importance of the Gestalt law of similarity in the perception of transparency, resulting in mutual assimilation of lightness between a critical area and its neighboring areas. It was discussed, however, that we should not regard perceptual transparency as a consequence of lightness assimilation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2782K) -
野澤 晨1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 178-182
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーThe stereo-kinetic phenomenon reported by Zanforlin, Vallortigara, and Agostini (1991) was observed under the condition of stroboscopic movement. On the CRT display, multiple eccentric circles, drawn by either line pattern or random dot pattern, were rotated. Observing these stimulus figures, the subjects reported the stereo-kinetic effect, namely they perceived clearly the solid cones rotating in depth. The subjects then were asked to judge the height of the perceived stereo-kinetic cones. The results showed that, despite the difference in pattern components, line or dot, the perceived stereo-kinetic cones were very similar in the appearance of their heights. However, the results revealed that the values of the apparent height did not accord with the formula proposed by Zanforlin et al. The findings in the present study were discussed in terms of a quantitative form of “structure from motion”抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (316K) -
森 和彦1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 183-187
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーFriedman and Stevenson (1980) reported that the action lines, mainly drawn on the back of a pictured object, would be useful in producing a vivid moving imagination of adult observers, but the results from the pre-school children revealed few responses of “movement” judgement for the objects to which the action lines were added. The problem provided by them interested me from the point of view about optical retinal image, and led me to try to examine it in a different way from theirs. Forty pre-school children participated in the experiment. They were divided into two groups: five-years-old group (20) and six-years-old group (20). Comparing the two paired cards in which a car was depicted with or without additional pictorial cue, the subjects were asked to select the one which seemed to be moving faster. The scaling values given by the method of paired comparison indicated that the pre-school children would distinctly recognize the action lines as a movement cue, Significant effects of cartooned-moving-posture cue and inferential-movement cue on the pictorial movement perception were shown. The results were discussed with relation to the action lines.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2235K) -
現象的交差または反発狩野 千鶴1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 188-194
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーThe perception of the apparent movement path was examined under the conditions of 8 path-patterns, 6 eye positions and 2 kinds of moving objects. Nineteen male subjects binocularly observed the apparent movement of two spots that were presented on a computer display. The subjects were asked to report whether the spots seemed to cross or rebound at their meeting point. Two paths were vertical and horizontal cross patterns that were uncovered and 6 paths were partially covered around the middle of the paths. The spots were generally perceived to cross when the paths were uncovered, and were seen to rebound when the paths were covered. The rebound perception became greater with increasing size of the cover. The eye positions had an effect on the perception: the free observation without fixation points resulted in greater cross perception. The color of the moving spots had no clear effects on the perception. The paths were phenomenally curved in the rebound perception, and this phenomenon reveals the crucial differences between the perception of stationary forms and the perception of apparent movement paths.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (455K) -
鷲見 成正1995 年 37 巻 3 号 p. 195-200
発行日: 1995/10/25
公開日: 2009/02/24
ジャーナル フリーKanizsa's (1979) ostrich appeared as if he were dancing in a very curious fashion. His legs actually passed one another but they seemed to be bouncing back to their original end point. The bounce effect appeared also in the opposite motions of rotating disks. At the meeting on a circular path, they were not seen passing one another but bouncing off; one of them was seen remaining throughout on one side and the other remaining throughout on the opposite side. The smaller the difference between the speeds of colliding objects, the more often the bounce effect was seen. When the moving disks were moved at very high speeds, they always showed the bounce effect at each meeting, The bounce effect was more frequently perceived in binocular vision than in monocular, and in the brightly lit surroundings than in the dark ones. The factors of symmetry and smoothness determining the bounce effect seen in opposite motions were discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4558K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|