Portugal was some five centuries ago a leading country in the world, not only by its discoveries of new worlds and new sea routes, but a leader in science and research organization, contributing then, somehow, to Europe's dominant position in the world. With the need to protect its frontiers, Portugal has gradually lost its leading position, and with the advent the new industrialized world, was left behind. Being still remarkable in some areas, its leadership is lost. Intemationally recognized for its individual researchers, Portugal has since 1986-88 tried to give the Portuguese R&D the help and support it needs. The challenge its taking place right now, and positive results have already been felt, not only in the country but also by the research teams in which Portugal is taking an active part. Portugal is improving significantly not only its intemal R&D system and bases but also its international R&D relations in a world wide area.

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