Quarterly Report of RTRI
Online ISSN : 1880-1765
Print ISSN : 0033-9008
ISSN-L : 0033-9008
Volume 54, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
PAPERS
  • Takashi SAKAGUCHI, Satoshi KATO, Naoto FUKUMURA
    2013 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 197-201
    Published: November 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ideally, railway crew planning rosters should draw as little as possible on available crew resources. Methods of crew route scheduling with the evaluation criterion of the total number of required days have been studied because we could not figure the number of required crews out exactly at the time of setting it up.However this method for compiling crew route schedules has made roster scheduling more difficult. This paper therefore proposes a crew route scheduling method with the evaluation criterion of the estimated number of required crews and shows its effectivity for this problem.
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  • Natsuki TERADA, Takashi TOYAMA
    2013 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 202-207
    Published: November 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Formal methods has been expected to increase the reliability of software, including that of signalling systems. In order to further the use of formal methods in the railway signalling domain, it would be beneficial to show examples of models of various signalling equipment using formal methods. As some examples, the specification of automatic block systems for single lines was modeled using formal specification languages, and the effectiveness of the model was verified by means of theorem proving and satisfiability problem solver. For theorem proving, B-method was used, which is characterized by theorem proving and stepwise refinement. B-method yields a very powerful result as far as safety is concerned, but it requires a high level of effort. On the other hand, satisfiability problem solvers can easily find truth of the proposition composed with many variables, but some restrictions apply in terms of the proposition domain.
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  • Masai MUTO, Daiki OKUDA
    2013 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 208-213
    Published: November 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the metropolitan area, multiple railway companies are competing against each other in a dense railway network. This study has attempted to develop a method for quantitatively defining a station territory in such areas. Models have been developed to calculate the probability of a passenger choosing a station. The concept of the models is as follows: the probability is proportional to the attractiveness of the station, and inversely proportional to the approximate square of the time-distance to the station. This paper shows how to build a model for estimating passenger demand using probability data. Based on the model, a new analytical method is proposed as a tool to support railway station marketing strategy development.
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  • Toshiki KITAGAWA, Kiyoshi NAGAKURA, Takeshi KURITA
    2013 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 214-221
    Published: November 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to reduce the noise emitted by Shinkansen trains, it is important to develop appropriate measures to abate noise generated by pantographs and noise generated from the lower part of cars. The noise generated from the lower part of cars consists mainly of aerodynamic noise and rolling noise. This paper first attempts to quantitatively estimate the contribution of rolling noise. Subsequently, the contribution of aerodynamic noise to the total noise generated from the lower part of cars is determined by means of a comparison of measured noise and analytically estimated rolling noise. For the Shinkansen train designed for high speed tests, it is concluded that, at the measuring point near the track, the aerodynamic noise could make a much greater contribution to the total noise generated from the lower part of cars than the rolling noise at high speeds.
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  • Yutaka SAKUMA, Takashi FUKUDA, Tokuzo MIYACHI, Atsushi IDO
    2013 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 222-230
    Published: November 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Field measurements, wind tunnel experiments, and scale model launching experiments were conducted to improve the aerodynamic performance of flat-fronted trains on meter-gauge railway lines. The study centered mainly on the compression pressure waves generated by trains entering single-track tunnels and aerodynamic drag acting on the vehicle. Countermeasures to reduce the amplitude of the compression waves and their gradients and the aerodynamic drag were examined. Scale model launching experiments demonstrated that tunnel entrance hoods more than 8 m long - actual size - (about one and a half times the tunnel diameter) were an effective infrastructure measure for reducing the maximum compression wave pressure gradient (dp/dt)max by approximately 70% compared to tunnels with no hood. Running tests with real trains further demonstrated that attaching aerodynamic fins to the front end of a two-car test train traveling at 120 km/h was an effective onboard measure for reducing the separated flow region, (dp/dt)max by approximately 40%, and running resistance in the open environment by approximately 20%.
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  • Sanetoshi SAITO, Tokuzo MIYACHI, Masanobu IIDA
    2013 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 231-236
    Published: November 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Micro-pressure waves radiated from tunnel exit portals are one of major wayside environmental problems in high-speed railways, and have thus prompted many studies aimed at developing countermeasures to this phenomenon. This paper proposes a new method involving the addition of a hood to tunnel exit portals to reduce micro-pressure waves. An inside partition divides the inside of the hood in two in the vicinity of the mouth, and one of the partitioned sides is closed off. Confirmation was obtained that the hood is effective in reducing the magnitude of micro-pressure waves.
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  • Hiroharu ENDOH, Koji OMINO
    2013 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 237-242
    Published: November 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Railway companies conduct different kinds of vocational training for train drivers. Simulator training for improving the skills of drivers in coping with abnormal situations is one of them. In such training, it is very important for trainees to be able to objectively reflect back on their actions and psychological state when having to cope with abnormal situations. A support system was therefore developed to facilitate effective retrospective reflection. The efficacy of the system was validated in tests with twenty subjects who all had driving experience.
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  • Koji OMINO, Etsuo KASAHARA
    2013 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 243-248
    Published: November 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An investigation was conducted to collect the fundamental data required to reevaluate the eyesight standards applied in the physical examination of train drivers. It was especially important to determine if drivers could recognize high speed signals while running at a speed of about 160 km/h. Test subjects were required to wear the special glasses that adjusted their visual acuity for the test conditions and to identify signals from a train cab.
    Data was collected according to three headings, namely "Recognition Errors," "Subjective appearance ratings" and "Recognition Distance," for subjects with visual acuity ranging from 0.4 to 1.2.
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  • Ayano SAITO, Ayako SUZUKI
    2013 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 249-253
    Published: November 01, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To improve the operability for drivers with wider range of body size, the reach area of driver desks was measured under a simulated driving situation with a natural seat position in which shorter drivers were seated more closely to the desk than taller drivers. Simulated push buttons were used in exp.1 and actual ones in exp.2. The recommendable area in which over 80% of the participants evaluated the position of buttons as "not difficult to push" in exp.2 was larger than that in exp.1. It was considered that the area in exp.1 was applicable to buttons required for precise pointing, while that in exp.2 was to crude pointing.
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