The previous paper presented a couple of methodological problems with which geograrhers encounter when they are trying to construct the theory of geography. In this paper, the ideas being theorized about are presented.
In the first three sections, basic concepts composing of author's framework are introduced, and the earth-surface is defined as a set of “occupants”. It is also proposed the two fundamental propositions; The principle of occupance and the principle of “Erfüllung”. The former indicates the fact that the two different things (or events) can not occupy the same place in the same time. Occupant is defined as the thing (or event) which is subjected to this principle. The latter iudicates the traditioual geographer's notion that earth-surface is filled with those occupants. Thus the earth surface is defined as a set of occupauts.
In the following sections, theoretical implications of the “occupance” are examined; an occupance is defined as ordered pair of two different types of categories, attribute and location, and a pattern of arrangement is defined as a set of those ordered pairs.
Given those definition, the basic question for constructing the formal theory of geography is presented as follows;
“Under what sort of rule, are the variations in earth-surface regulated?”
It is emphasized that the main purpose of geography is not to “explain” the rules but to find the general form of those rules under which the variations in earth-surface are regulated.

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The Towada volcano that formed Lake Towada was located in the upper reaches of the Iwaki River passing through the Tsugaru Plain, whose volcanic activities continued during the late Quaternary. The authors surveyed the formation processes of the southern Tsugaru Plain, laying stress on the influence of former activities of the Towada Volcano, with photo-interpretation and field surveys. The fan surfaces were divided older to younger into 4 from F·I to F·IV Younger fans were composed by sand and gravel produced from older fans. The younger fans have gentler slopes than the older ones. The lower part of the older fans has been covered by the deposits of the younger fans.
F·I consist of volcanics such as sand, silt, andesite rock etc. produced during the fromation of the Towada Caldera. Enormous amounts of volcanic products poured from Towada during the formation of F·I. Thereafter, volcanic activities of Towada decreased. Due to the decreasing of volcanics from the upper reaches, F·I was eroded by the streams and F·II was formed. F·III was formed by the materials from the upper reaches.
The authors correlated F·III with the lower terraces in the upper reaches and with the upper natural levees in the lower reaches. At last, F·IV and lower natural levees were formed.
The authors presume that F·I was formed during 12, 000 to 10, 000 years B. P. and F·III was formed 8, 000 to 4, 000 years B. P.

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In this paper, the writer attempts to make clear both the history of the formation and the morphological features of the Byóbusan sand dune region in the northernmost part of the Honshu Island.
The following results are obtained.
The Byobusan region consists of two terraces, about 10 meters and 20 meters higher than the present sea level. The latter is called the Yamadano terrace, which was formed during the stage of the higher sea level in the Shimosueyoshi transgression (in the Monanstrian age), and the former is called the Dekishima terrace (in Holocene age). On certain parts of the Yamadano terrace, the Old dune was formed in Pleistocene, and covered by the Iwaki volcanic ash layer. At that time, the prevailing winds were blowing from the west, just as at the present time.
The Younger dune in Holocene, covers about two-thirds the area of the Byobusan region. Most of it was formed since the Yayoi period. Some parts of it were formed since 1948, when strong prevailing winds blew sand grains to creep up the cliffs or gullies, and formed transverse dune, on both Yamadano and Dekishima terraces.
To the lee of transverse dunes, U-shaped dune and parabolic blowout dunes were developed and migrated downwind. Longitudial dune ridgs were developed finally by the erosion of parabolic blowout dunes. Sand dunes are commonly arranged in chains extending downwind from the source drifts. Thus the developement of sand dunes is related to the shifting speeds of sand dunes and the supply of sand grains.

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There are several irrigation channel patterns peculiar to Tsugaru Plain, which are classified as follows.
1) Parallel channel group: Several channels run in parallel and each one flows into a group of fields.
This pattern was perhaps established against heavy droughts in Edo era, whose origin is not yet certain and it has not been reported elsewhere in Japan. The peculiarity of this pattern is not recognized by local farmers.
2) Passing through channel group: Several channels run long way through paddy fields of other village directly downstream.
3) Channel group without distinct draining end
4) Channel group without distinct nourishing origin.
5) Crossing-over channel group

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The writer's examination on the so-called human effects by the atmospheric photochmical smog in the Kanto plain, during the period of 1972-75 brought the following interpretations.
1) The human effects by the atmospheric photochemical smog were reported all over the Kanto plain
2) Their distribution is concordant with the population density.
3) Precisely speaking, it is less densely distributed at the center than at the surroundings.
4) The above may be explained by the areal differences in population density, the people's mentalities to claim to their communal governments, etc.
5) Linear distributions in the central Tokyo metropolitan area are concordant with the traffic lines and may be resulted from the pollutant emitted by motor vehicles.
6) The NW-SE linear distributions in Southwestern Saitama Prefecture may be also resulted from the emission by motor vehicle.
7) The symptoms are heavier in the central and western part.
8) And they reduce to the surroundings in general, with a few exceptions and there are some areal differences in the reduction types.
9) There are regional differences in occurring time of the human effects by the atmospheric photochmical smog, i. e. earlier at 7-8 in the morning in the western, central and eastern parts and later at 17:30 in the northern and southern parts.

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At an early stage of urban growth, the intensive “CBD functions” in the central zone are generally intermingled with “non-CBD functions” such as light industries, residences, wholesale establishments with storage and distribution functions, and so on. In Japan, rapid urban growth caused by “High Economic Growth (1960-1973)” gave rise both to the relocation of non-CBD functions from the central zone and, through a process of severe competition for space, to the concentration of particular functions in the central zone. In this paper, two patterns of respondent behaviour characterizing wholesale establishments that confront severe competition for space in the central zone (Zone I, Fig. 1) are identified.
The first pattern consists of a large scale diffusion of those wholesale establishments with storage and distribution functions from Zone I, which has lowered the proportion of wholesale establishments in the city to those located in that zone. During the period 1966-1972, a large number of wholesale establishments of every kind, (except for wholesalers of medicine), moved away from Zone I, the main destination being Zone III. But, in the preceeding decade (1955-1966) many wholesale establishments not only dispersed outwards from Zone I, but also entered from Zones II and III (except for those engaged in food and machinery wholesaling), and the destinations of centrifugal relocations were mostly confined to Zone II.
The second pattern consists of the intensification of land use in Zone I, the result of a process of functional separation in which, for example, storage and distribution functions have removed from Zone I, leaving only office functions in place. The percentage of wholesale establishments in Zone I located in tall buildings (3 stories or more) rose from 34% to 55% within the 1966-1972 period, and in the same period the number of wholesale establishments in Zone I increased from 1289 to 1451. These tendencies show that wholesale activities are essential to Zone I.
The behaviour of a particular wholesale establishments is determined mainly by the ability of the establishments to separate storage and distribution functions from office functions, which is itself determined by the nature of the goods handled and by the size of the establishments.
The shape and size of the main wholesaling area within Zone I of Sendai were almost the same in 1972 as they were in 1966, and the increase in the number of wholesale establishments between 1966 and 1972 was largely confined to that area, where a large proportion of wholesale establishments were located in tall building with intensive land use type. The proportions of newly established, departing, incoming and defunct wholesale establishments vary from block to block in Zone I, in relation to the direction of CBD expansion.

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Thatched roofs are changing into fireproof roofs along with the inprovement of economic conditions.
Thatched roofs are still remained in mountainous Nishiaizu and tiled roofs are much in Castal lowland and coloured zinc roofs are in Aizu basin or in Abukuma River Basin (Fig. 2).
Change of roofs into incombustible happened earlier in plain district than in mountain distrct (Fig. 3).

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A crustal movement appeared along the western rim of the Aizu Basin at the Niigata Earthquake in 1964. The east was depressed about 10cm relative to the west. The dislocation was seen by a farmer living in the vicinity.
In December 1976, most of the area was covered with snow, but a part was exposed without snow by springs in paddy fields. The border line between snow covered and snow free areas runs NNE-SSW, and which moved in 1964.

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