In this paper, I report a discussion of unidirectionality of the spread of electromagnetic wave. First, the voltage and the electric current led by the equation of the electromagnetic wave were compared with the electric circuit, and an analogy of the electromagnetic wave with gyrator circuit was pointed out. Next, on the basis of the calculation of the energy in one wavelengths, it was drawn that the electromagnetic wave propagation might be recognized as voltage/current was propagation in a circuit with resistance R. From the above, I point the analogy of electromagnetic wave with the one-way electrical circuit using a gyrator.

View full abstract

Global Climate Change, as is one of the most serious problems in the world today, is explained to be a change of the quality of the natural capital in the context of economics. This article assumes that people who possess a kind of human capital can increase the amount of natural capital that can be used for production activities. The global talents are assumed to possess such human capital. This article shows that it can be possible to maintain and improve the rate of consumption for the longer time, if governments invest to grow up the more global talents cooperatively, if these talents get the more jobs and change the technology to the more sustainable one, and if such cycle works for the longer time as grows up the global talents and provide them chances wherein they can show their ability.

View full abstract

It is supposed that many people use electronical device during intermissions as a communication tool. The purpose of this study is to revel the effects of behaviors during intermissions on performance and psychophysiological state. As behaviors during intermissions, text conversations with a smartphone were compared to oral conversations. Twenty six healthy college students participated in this study. Tasks and fifteen-minute conversation during intermissions were performed. Subjective scores, electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and task scores were measured and evaluated. As a result during conversations, heart rates and heart rate variabilities during oral conversations were higher than that during text conversations. Subjective scores of refreshment, relaxation, fulfillment, motivation, and concentration after oral conversations were higher than that after text conversations. There were no significant difference on task scores between two conditions. Oral conversations as behaviors during intermissions activated physiological states and brought higher refreshment, compared to text conversations. It is expected that improved tasks reveals the effects of behaviors during intermissions on performance.

View full abstract