The purpose of this study was to compare the benefit of the "calm-down space: COZY Room" between children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID group) and children with mental retardation (MR group) by using an analytical instrument for salivary amylase activity (sAMY) as biochemical markers. The participants of this study were 12 SMID children and 12 MR children. This study was an experimental research using a mixed model design. The author collected their saliva samples and measured pre/post-sAMY before and after they used the "COZY Room". These data ware analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and the results showed that the interaction effect between "disability group" and "time" was significant (F(1, 22)=5.57, p<.05). The assessment with Bonferroni multiple comparison procedure showed that post-sAMY of MR group was significantly lower than: (1) pre-sAMY of MR group and; (2) post-sAMY of SMID group. These indicate that "COZY Room" had different effects to SMID group and MR group in this present study, thus, additional examinations with quantitative and qualitative methods were recommended to describe the experiences of using the "calm-down space" in detail.

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Considering the fact that students with hearing impairments are hesitant to receive assistance because of the lack of their communication with those assisting them, it is important for them to have an initiative in receiving assistance. Therefore, in this study, we made a research with the help of 14 men and women in order to identify the key factors that gave an initiative to students with hearing impairments in higher education institutions in receiving assistance. We did a qualitative analysis of the speech data we collected through research using Open Coding. As a result, three categories were extracted as key factors that gave an initiative to students with hearing impairments in receiving assistance, that is, “Recognition as Support Recipients”, “Expansion of Student Life” and “Incentive from Others”. As for the incentive from others, we could make an improvement by providing experience of practical situations in training seminars. It is necessary to keep in mind from the beginning the above mentioned factors in treating students with hearing impairments.

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In this study, I conducted a survey, “Fact-finding Survey of Employment persons with disabilities in Corporate” on January to March 2015 to clarify the status of employment persons with disabilities in Corporate. I sent questionnaires to 1,292 corporate and received responses from 122 corporate (response rate of 9.4%). The result of investigation about concern of employment of persons with disabilities, it is reason why corporate didn’t employed persons with disabilities to ‘Workplace adaptation of persons with disabilities (83.8%)’, ‘Understanding of Healthy people (52.5%)’ and ‘Work ability of persons with disabilities(40.4%)’. On the other hand, the companies that employing persons with disabilities evaluate about the impact such as ‘Achieve the quota employment rate (87.5%)’, ‘Improvement of corporate image(65.4%)’, ‘Improvement Moral of a healthy persons (34.6%)’ and ‘Productivity improved by division of labor(30.8%)’. However, in most companies, do not have a system to comprehensively assess the impact such as ‘Achieve the quota employment rate’, ‘Improvement of corporate image’, ‘Improvement Moral of a healthy persons’ and ‘Productivity improved by division of labor’ Based on the above analysis results, I suggested following issues. It is necessary to disclosure information about the positive impact of employment persons with disabilities on the organization. And, Evaluation system for companies that employing persons with disabilities is necessary to assess the impact of employment persons with disabilities.

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Kwon (2015) was developed Employment Promotion Tool for Persons with Disabilities in the Aspect of the Quality of Life(QOL-EPAT). But its reliability and validity have not been verified yet. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the reliability, content validity and construct validity of QOL-EPAT. This study was conducted with a disability employment specialists. Period May to October 2015, six months, was distributed to collect the questionnaire. Reliability of QOL-EPAT was estimated using the internal consistency method; both the coefficient of Cronbach’s α were over 0.7. Construct Validity; Construct validity was verified using structural equation modeling (SEM). Goodness of fit index (GFI), Adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), comparative fit index (CFI), tucker-Lewis index (TLI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) are the suitability indices of SEM. As the result, GFI=0.898; AGFI=0.844; CFI=0.961; TLI=0.949 and RMSEA=0.069. The validity was verified because the values of GFI, AGFI CFI, TLI and RMSEA were within the goodness-of-fit range. Thus, impaired employs promoters of Japan also provided which allows for analysis of the policy by using a validated scale.

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This study aimed to development of Scale to Cooperative Relationship Assessment Tool for Inclusive Education, its content validity was verified with draft of the Cooperative Relationship Assessment Tool for Inclusive Education. The survey data collected from the 291 teachers of Special Needs Education in Okinawa prefecture between August and October 2015. In the result, Cooperative Relationship Assessment Tool for Inclusive Education has good content validity. One of the shortcomings is the verification of content validity depending on experts subjectiveness which is lacking science. Therefore, we need to analyze the credibility and construct the validity in order to make a better itemized list.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the current situation and priority issues of inclusive education system in Okinawa. Therefore, this study was performed using Inclusive Education Assessment Tool (IEAT) (Han et al., 2015) that has been developed for the promotion of inclusive education system in Japan. The subject was a special education coordinator plays an important role in the inclusive education system. The result showed that“guaranty the rights” was particularly promoted as current situation, and, “improvement of learning environment” was raised as priority issues. These results were suggested for efforts for the future of inclusive education system construction. Futhermore, it has become cleared that the different results obtained after surveying compared to the previous study of the Board of Education. As future research, based on the results of this study can be performed, such as specific questions or free description of each item of IEAT, or not made possible a more accurate current situation.

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In Japan, The children with problem behavior have been called the difficult children. However, the definitions of the difficult children in the medical, health, childcare and education are different. As a result, it is difficult to support for the needs of children. In addition, the difficult children have been influenced by the subjectivity of the teachers. IN-Child (Inclusive Needs Child) is defined by the result of this study. IN-Child means “Child in need of inclusive education by a team, including experts. It does not depend on intellectual and developmental delays due to physical, mental, home environment.” This study aimed to development record as a tool of educational diagnosis and management in order to continue to the long-term support, taking into account the IN-Child's physical and mental development and QOL.

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Later life is commonly a period of transitions and adjustment to losses. Reduced social participation is common in older people, and is associated with similar negative health outcomes. The aim of this literature review was to identify and discuss about international trends of the influence of community-based physical activity in older adults in order to summarize the impact of health promotion program associated with physical activity for promoting active aging. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Seven of these studies reported that physical function is significantly improved in intervention group. Most of these studies performed aerobic　exercise or balance training and several studies were multi-component physical activities. This review found aerobic exercise and balance training mainly performed for community-dwelling elderly and also community-based intervention program has potential effect on their subjective well-being.

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Frailty is an age-associated biological syndrome characterized by declines in multiple physiological domains, including balance, muscle mass and strength, flexibility, neuromuscular coordination and cardiovascular function. A quarter to a half of people over 85 years has frailty and are at significantly increased risk of falls, disability, care home admission and death. Although descriptive and systematic reviews have been written on the effects of balance training on balance performance in healthy older adults, none of these previous reviews analyze the effects of exercise interventions on balance in elderly with physical frailty. Thus, there is a need to define exercise prescription strategies to improve the functional capacity in elderly who are overall physically frail. This literature review will focus on exercise interventions that improved balance. In addition to these effects of training, the present review will identify other characteristics of the exercise interventions, such as the exercise intensity, and weekly frequency. The objective of this review is to present the evidence for the effectiveness of exercise interventions designed to improve balance in frail older adults.

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