In the field of education, unlike the welfare field, there are no legal developments such as response manuals and training. Despite the problems and difficulties faced by supporters are very large, no research has been conducted on grasping the various needs of children or persons with severe behavioral disorders and how to support them. In this study, we aim to clarify various condition and specific support by reviewing previous research support and instruction methods for people with severe behavioral disorders in Japan. The contents of support in the paper were set as 13 items as ″contents of support for the participants″ and 6 items as ″contents of cooperation with other institutions and support for family″. As support for severe behavior disorder participants, many supports considering the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder were implemented, and it was clarified that problem behaviors were improved by taking measures against autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, reducing the supporter's anxiety and burden brings about changes in the relationship with the participants, the supporter's thinking style, and the content of support. In conclusion, as one of the supports for severe behavioral disorders, it is possible that cooperation within supporters and support for family are effective in improving self-harm and harm to others.

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When deciding whether to provide employment-related disability welfare services in Japan, it is necessary to conduct an employment assessment. The original intention was to use this assessment as reference information for persons with disabilities to independently select the services they desired. However, it has been pointed out that the results of these assessments are not made use of in service selections. Currently, the government is preparing a support service for career decision making based on self-selection, utilizing an employment assessment method called ″support for employment choice″. To use this new employment choice support service effectively, it is necessary to clarify the current employment assessment practices and issues, and to obtain perspectives for its effective utilization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the implementation status and perceived issues of employment assessments in municipalities, which are the agencies that make the decisions on the provision of services using this employment assessment. We surveyed 1,741 municipalities in Japan to determine the status of the implementation of employment assessments and issues related to implementation. We used text mining to analyze open-ended responses, particularly with regard to challenges in conducting employment assessments. From the analysis of the free responses, many issues were identified when using the results of employment assessments in service decisions. The problem was that regardless of the size of the municipality, the results of employment assessments were not being used effectively in determining career paths for people with disabilities. It was found that there is a recognized need to increase the number of social resources in each community and to address the gaps in knowledge and skills for employment assistance and assessment. It became clear that the results obtained from the employment assessments were not being used effectively in situations where employment-related disability welfare services were used, and that the results were becoming formalized. This formalization was influenced by the insufficient number of social resources in the community and the inadequate knowledge and skills of the employment support personnel. As a possible solution, a system of regional collaboration in which support organizations compensate for their lack of services was considered. In Japan, a new service called ″support for employment choice″, which is centered on employment assessments, is set to be created in the next few years. It will be important to discuss the nature of this new service, taking into account the challenges in executing employment assessments to date and perspectives on how to remedy these challenges.

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In 2019, the average daily number of steps taken by Japanese older adults 65 years or older was 5,396 steps for men and 4,656 steps for women. This study uses the average number of steps taken by older Japanese residents as the reference value. The study examined differences in lifestyle and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) between those who walked more and those who walked less than the reference value. The study also examined the relationship between age, number of steps, and HRQOL by dividing them into two age groups: men and women in their 70s, as well as men and women over 80. Participants were 124 older adults (60 men and 64 women) aged 70 years or older, living physically independently in the community. The mean age of the participants was 77.9 ± 5.3 years. Participants were instructed to wear an accelerometer to measure their average number of steps over a 10-day period. To measure the relationship between exercise and HRQOL, participants were asked to go out, exercise frequently, and answer the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) questionnaire. Participants' average daily steps were 5845.0 ± 3089.0 steps for men and 5230.6 ± 2820.1 steps for women. We then divided participants by their average daily step counts into a high-step group and a low-step group. The high-step group consisted of men with at least 5,396 steps (n=31) and women with at least 4,656 steps (n=32). The low-step group consisted of men (n=29) with less than 5,396 steps and women (n=32) with less than 4,656 steps. Between step groups, statistically significant differences were found in bodily pain and a physical component score of SF-8 for men (p<0.05). For women above 80 years of age, Physical activity was significantly correlated (p<0.05) with physical function, role physical, bodily pain, general health, role emotional, mental health, and the physical component score of SF-8. The results of this study showed an association between consistent engagement in physical activity and the maintenance of HRQOL, especially in the later years of aging women.

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In order to realize a society in which all 100 million people are dynamically engaged, it is necessary to prepare an environment in which the weak do not work. Despite the importance of supporting the "autonomy" and "independence" of persons with disabilities, no research has been conducted to clarify the definitions of "autonomy" and "independence" in Japan. As a result, there can be confusion in the use of language. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the difference between the definitions of "autonomous" and "independence". This study aimed to clarify the elements of independence and autonomy for persons with disabilities, focusing on Japanese papers and materials from government agencies. As a result of searching for materials from government agencies in Japan, 10 definitions of independence and 1 definition of autonomous were extracted. And searching for papers, 49 definitions of independence and 18 definitions of autonomous were extracted. In conclusion, it became clear that self-determination and social participation are important factors for the autonomy and independence of people with disabilities.

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