Purpose: The purpose of this study is to clarify the attitudes of teachers who lead extracurricular activities in schools by using various statistical data. Today, coaching extracurricular activity is known as the main cause of long working hours, however, it is not necessarily forced labor, nor is it the problem solely within the school. The background behind the overheating of extracurricular activities must be described from multiple perspectives.
Methods: Using some questionnaire surveys conducted by the national and local governments as well as one conducted by the author as a joint research project, the following issues were examined: 1） positive and negative emotions associated with coaching, 2） the gap between individual ideas and school decisions, 3） the relationship between long hours of coaching and perceived expectations from parents, 4） how the mandatory membership is justified.
Results: The following findings were obtained: 1） Coaching is not only burdensome but also enjoyable, 2） Many individuals feel uncomfortable, but the school maintains it as it has always done, 3） Subjective feelings of parental expectations and longer coaching hours are strongly correlated, 4） Respect for independence and institutional misunderstandings justify the forced membership of students.
Conclusion: Long hours of coaching is not necessarily a forced burden, nor is it something that can be constructed solely within the school.

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Purpose: This study examined the relationship between the static balance (SB) and dynamic balance (DB) of elderly women using a database of measurements which were evaluated by the same computerized dynamic posturography device. Methods: A total of 669 older women (mean age: 69.5 ± 6.0 years) out of the 730 older women, who volunteered for this study, successfully completed both the SB and DB measurements on the same balance master, and their data were analyzed. The SB index used was an overall average postural sway velocity (SVcomp), and the DB indexes, such as composite of endpoint excursion (EPEcomp), maximum excursion (MXEcomp), reaction time (RTcomp), movement mean velocity (MVLcomp), and direction control (DCLcomp), were the components of the limits of stability assessment. Results: A significant but low-to-moderate inverse Pearson correlation was noted between age and balance measurement variables. A significant but weak partial correlation between SVcomp and EPEcomp (r = -0.166, p < 0.001) and between SVcomp and MXEcomp (r = -0.125, p < 0.001) adjusted for the effect of age was noted. The partial correlation between SVcomp and other three DB parameters (RTcomp, MVLcomp, and DCLcomp) adjusted for the effect of age was also significant, but weak. Conclusion: A significant but weak relationship existed between the SB and DB measures when they were assessed by the same posturography device, indicating that both SB and DB should be tested to assess overall balance ability in elderly women.

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In this study, we investigated the effects of half-time body cooling strategies using FAN_wet （fan with skin wetting）, ice slurry （ICE） ingestion, FAN_wet + ICE ingestion, and cold drink ingestion on subsequent thermoregulatory responses and the players’ perceptual responses during intermittent exercise performed to simulate a men’s lacrosse match while wearing protective equipment in the heat. Ten physically active men performed the following four cooling interventions in random order: FAN_wet, ICE, MIX （FAN_wet + ICE）, and CON （cold drink ingestion）. The rise in rectal temperature since half-time, skin temperature, thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and rating of perceptual exertion were lower under the FAN_wet and MIX conditions; however, there was no significant difference between the MIX and FAN_wet conditions. These results indicate that a body cooling strategy using FAN_wet is a feasible and effective cooling strategy during men’s lacrosse matches in the heat. However, cooling effects of ICE ingestion and additional cooling effects of combined FAN_wet and ICE ingestion were small in this study.

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In many studies on obesity and thinness, findings that are simply analyses of the relationship between level of obesity or thinness, based on BMI, and health risks, or the level of correlation between BMI and physical functions, are conspicuous. The small amount of extracted data on obesity and thinness, and the difficulty of ensuring rigorous data by level of obesity and thinness, are given for that. Supposing that obesity and thinness levels could be rigorously demarcated, and data on physical information in those demarcations could be ensured, it would be possible to clearly derive the relationship between obesity level and health. Accordingly, in this study, the fluctuations in BMI with respect to rigorous categories of obesity and thinness levels were utilized, BMI fluctuations were considered to be obesity and thinness levels, and the relationship between rigorous obesity or thinness level, physical functions and physical information including health level was examined. The data used in this study were the physical information items blood pressure and motor function in 16,222 general male university students. The behavior of phase changes in physical information was then analyzed in fluctuations of single BMI units. In addition, by standardizing phase changes in physical information, the physical information with respect to BMI may be evaluated and cutoff value positioning with respect to health may be advocated. As a result, we were able to construct a standardized chart of changes in each type of physical information based on BMI fluctuations. Thus, a physique of BMI 20-22 may be conjectured to have a cutoff value meaning in terms of health. In this study, being able to establish new health indicators of obesity and thinness levels by standardizing phase changes in physical information with respect to BMI fluctuations may contribute to maintaining or improving health in the future in a wide range of ages.

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