We have been studying a large-scale consensus support system with agent technology, and had developed a prototype system named

- which has the automated facilitation function. In order to verify the practical application of -, we conducted a workshop (AgentCrowd2019) with using - in the international conference (PRIMA2019). The aim of this workshop was sharing knowledge and future co-creation regarding to the agent studies through the collective dialogue. We used - in the divergence phase for brain storming, and made a roadmap as a deliverable of the workshop. In this paper we show the effect of - on the workshop with the analysis results both discussion logs and roadmap contents.

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This paper presents a new theory of

, and demonstrates how it accounts for various syntactic facts. The subject DP in SPEC-T serves as a probe for T and gets transferred for that purpose. On the other hand, Transfer does not apply to DP if it remains in v(*)P since T is the probe in such a structure. The asymmetry in relations explains why preverbal and postverbal subjects may induce different agreement patterns. The proposed theory also accounts for the presence and absence of subject island effects and defective intervention effects.

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[in Japanese]

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  Guidelines may assist physicians and patients in decisions about effective and safe care. In 2003, 2006 and 2010, Japan Society of Pain Clinicians produced and published guidelines in order to improve the management of pain. We aimed to formulate guidelines for managing pain based on systematic review of the literature and a robust consensus process.
  Throughout several discussions, we merged opinions from the subcommittee members and proposed a consensus on the major roles, recommended levels, clinically efficacy, adverse events and cautions of clinical practice regarding the management of pain. Japan Society of Pain Clinicians are well aware of the available evidence-based guidelines, and many use these to support their clinical practice. This document describes the process and the major issues discussed during the development of the guidelines.

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　Development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in Japan became more active from around the year 2000. The objective of the present study was to clarify the present state of how clinical practice guidelines are published on the websites of academic societies of clinical medicine in Japan. In total, 355 academic societies were studied to determine whether they had created clinical practice guidelines. In the analysis, the academic societies were divided into two groups based on whether any clinical practice guidelines were listed in the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (Minds). Seven items were compared between the two groups to determine the present state of how clinical practice guidelines are published. Of the 355 academic societies, 108 (30.4％) had developed clinical practice guidelines. Academic societies whose guidelines were listed in Minds had many members, and a page link to the clinical practice guideline was shown on the index page of their websites (difference in proportions=27.3％, P=0.001). Many academic societies only published PDF files of their clinical practice guidelines on their websites. It is hoped that academic societies will publish their clinical practice guidelines on their websites, while taking into account utilization of the guidelines and user convenience.

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This paper investigates the mechanism of θ-marking. Given the feature approach to θ-marking that states that θ-marking is performed by the general mechanism of feature checking, I will propose that θ-marking takes place via , and provide conceptual and empirical arguments in favor of this view of θ-marking, based on data from control constructions in English and Japanese that indicate that a controller is θ-marked in the embedded [Spec, C] (precisely, [Spec, Fin]) by a matrix predicate.

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Guidelines for occupational physicians are increasing in number. Their quality and content is varied and they may even provide conflicting recommendations. Earlier studies show that guidelines directed at professionals in occupational health use scientific evidence unsystematically or inadequately. This article assesses the guidelines of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH). We selected a random sample of 29 guidelines from all those published by FIOH, which were assessed by four people individually using the instrument. The items were scored in six domains: scope and purpose of the guideline, stakeholder involvement, rigour of guideline development, clarity and presentation, application, and editorial independence. Mean domain scores were calculated according to instructions. The guidelines presented their scope and purpose well; the mean domain score was 62%. Their clarity and presentation was fairly good, mean domain score 47%. The stakeholder involvement's mean domain score was 33%. The other domains scored low: applicability domain, 15%, rigour of guideline development, 9%, and editorial independence, 7% only. The rigour and reporting of guideline development seems to be the main challenge for future guideline production in FIOH. A common structure for guideline preparation is needed.

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Objectives: In Europe, 25% of workers use video display terminals (VDTs). Occupational health surveillance has been considered a key element in the protection of these workers. Nevertheless, it is unclear if guidelines available for this purpose, based on EU standards and available evidence, meet currently accepted quality criteria. The aim of this study was to appraise three sets of European VDT guidelines (UK, France, Spain) in which regulatory and evidence-based approaches for visual health have been formulated and recommendations for practice made. Methods: Three independent appraisers used an adapted instrument with seven domains to appraise the guidelines. A modified nominal group technique approach was used in two consecutive phases: first, individual evaluation of the three guidelines simultaneously, and second, a face-to-face meeting of appraisers to discuss scoring. Analysis of ratings obtained in each domain and variability among appraisers was undertaken (correlation and kappa coefficients). Results: All guidelines had low domain scores. The domain evaluated most highly was Scope and purpose, while Applicability was scored minimally. The UK guidelines had the highest overall score, and the Spanish ones had the lowest. The analysis of reliability and differences between scores in each domain showed a high level of agreement. Conclusions: These results suggest current guidelines used in these countries need an update. The formulation of evidence-base European guidelines on VDT could help to reduce the significant variation of national guidelines, which may have an impact on practical application.

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To be clarified as trustworthy guidelines, it is desirable to adopt the GRADE approach which recognized the international standard. It includes that a transparent structure of the developing organization, adequate management of conflict of interest of participating members, and strict developing process. The guideline executive committee of Japanese Society of Neurological Therapeutics decided to update the Restless legs syndrome (RLS) clinical practice guidelines along “Minds clinical practice guidelines developing manual 2020 ver.3.0” (Minds manual 2020). A guideline developing group and systematic review teams were organized from July, 2021 and the seminar to learn GRADE approach was held for them.

A chairperson was elected after the COI management by the responsible society. Members were able to share the developing policy of RLS clinical practice guidelines by developing a scope beforehand. Clinical questions from important clinical topics were established, and then systematic reviews were performed using foreground questions. A process of systematic review and developing recommendation were proceeded using Minds templates. When future research questions that no studies were extracted by comprehensive literature retrieval using clinical questions, it should be emphasized that the society organized preferential research themes for the future guidelines’ revision and promoted creation of the evidence. In addition, when there is only indirect evidence in the medical practice, good practice statements (GPSs) could be adopted, however, both systematic review and recommendation were not necessary. This paper draws that the GRADE approach is useful at developing of clinical practice guidelines in the rare disease with few evidences.

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[in Japanese]

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptance, validity, reliability and feasibility of the (Appraisal of Guidelines and REsearch and Evaluation) instrument to assess the quality of evidence-based practice guidelines for occupational physicians. In total, 6 practice guidelines of the Netherlands Society of Occupational Medicine (NVAB) were appraised by 20 occupational health professionals and experts in guideline development or implementation. Although appraisers often disagreed on individual item scores, the internal consistency and interrater reliability for most domains was sufficient. The criteria were in general considered relevant and no major suggestions for additional items for use in the context of occupational health were brought up. The domain scores for the individual guidelines show a wide variety: `applicability' had on average the lowest mean score (53%) while `scope and purpose' had the highest one (87%). Low scores indicate where improvements are possible and necessary, e.g. by providing more information about the development. Key experts in occupational health report that is a relevant and easy to use instrument to evaluate quality aspects and the included criteria provide a good framework to develop or update evidence-based practice guidelines in the field of occupational health.

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The aim of this paper is to propose a derivation of the tough construction that does not depend on OP movement while maintaining the coverage of the explanation of the OP-movement analysis. In the English tough construction, the OP is identified through the Multiple between the matrix T, and the matrix v and embedded v. The OP, therefore, need not move. When the OP is deeply embedded, the successive-cyclic feature sharing enables the features of the OP to percolate up to the top-most C of the infinitival clause. This analysis makes it possible to account for some peculiarities of the OP that has been reduced to the A'-movement of the OP.

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This article aims to provide principled explanation to agreement phenomena in Icelandic, a V2 language. Specifically, adopting Goto's (2011a, c) feature-inheritance system, according to which C-to-T feature-inheritance does not take place in the V2 environment, this article argues that in such environment the φ-probe and the EF-probe can interact with each other on the C head without being constrained by stipulative ordering of the probes. It is shown in the article that the proposal elegantly derives alleged agreement phenomena in Icelandic that have resisted explanation under any of the existing theories of agreement (Chomsky 2008, Hiraiwa 2005).

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Our paper is especially focused on the international experiment transfer of

- usage and application for wicked city problems of fragile and conflict-affected city like Kabul. The content includes the background, process and formalization of the collaboration and reports on the outline of the Societal experiment of - in selected district of Kabul Municipality, and outcome-based content analysis of the Kabul experiment compare to Nagoya experiment case. It also mentions the implications of international differences (Nagoya-Kabul) in social systems highlighted from the episodes of the debriefing discussion conducted through utilizing -.The final objective of our study is to evaluate facilitation of citizens discussion regarding access to city meeting in order to solve urban renewal problems, and evaluate AI-based facilitation of system. Method. Our action research is based on the soft system methodology of Checkland et al. and applies the gaming exercise. We conducted an action research regarding the implementation AI-based facilitation city-citizens discussion within the context of NITech-KM international collaboration by utilizing - and reported its progress.

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