自治体におけるサービスの分断性は大きな課題である。分断されたサービスは多くのムダな処理を生み、自治体業務の効率性を阻害する。のみならず、当然、住民のサービスに対する顧客満足度にも負の影響を与える。ここで、自治体サービスにおける住民の「顧客満足」という考え方が問題となる。高品質サービスに見合った顧客負担を要求できる民に対し、官では多くの場面でそれが叶わない。そのため、押し並べて中低品質、というのが自治体サービスの現状である。本報告では、民と官の「顧客満足」を比較し、官の顧客満足概念を整理する。これにより、自治体と住民の双方にとって有益な、真の意味での自治体CRM概念を確立することが研究の狙いである。

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The Pre-Raphaelite Movement was a remarkable continuous aesthetic force of the third quarter of the last century, which began in 1848 when seven young artists formed a semi-secret society, "the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood". This group published a short-lived magazine, "The Germ", to enlarge the scope of their activities, of which four issues appeared between January and May 1850. But the Brotherhood itself went into a decline in the early 1850s and by 1855 had dissolved altogether. After that, the second flowering of Pre-Raphaelite centers around the work of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Morris, and so forth in book design, furniture, wall papers, and last, but not least, in houses. This paper, with full use of abundant source material, deals with the formative years of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the progress of the Pre-Raphaelite Movement related to changing in the relation between fine arts and decorative arts. The paper argues that the Pre-Raphaelite Movement played a remarkable role in the revival and popularization of decorative arts in the Victorian Age, and attempts to throw much additional light upon the leading ideas and practices.

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筆者は自らが唱えている仮説・理論「鑑賞指導能力育成のための3Steps」,即ちStep1:一方的解説型鑑賞指導Step2:発問活用型鑑賞指導Step3:対話的ギャラリートーク型鑑賞指導に基づいて,教員養成や教師教育の中で実践を重ねてきた。その中で「これら3Stepsだけでは不十分である」「誤解を与える」と考えるようになり,より高度でより実践的な次の段階を構想し実践することとなった。それがStep4:自由型鑑賞指導Step5:表現(制作)との組み合わせ型鑑賞指導である。この仮説に基づいて実践した結果,いくつかの課題は残ったが,新たな2つのStepを含めた5段階の鑑賞指導能力育成プログラムの有効性が明らかとなった。

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Christina Rossetti (1830–94) is one of the most significant women poets of the Victorian era. When she was a child, she used to spend enjoyable times at her maternal grandfather’s cottage at Holmer Green in Buckinghamshire, where she communed with nature and gained practical knowledge about animals, plants and other natural phenomena. The experience in the countryside left an indelible memory in her life. Afterward Rossetti published Sing-Song:A Nursery Rhyme Book (1872) that reflected her pleasant memories. Even when she lived in London, she sought out the nature in urban life and observed various kinds of plants and animals she liked.

Gilbert White’s The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne 1789, was widely read in the Victorian era. Due to this influential book, Victorian natural history was no longer for professionals only but was also open to amateur naturalists who had an intellectual curiosity. Rossetti seems to be one of those people. Moreover she had two remarkable inspirations in her life that influenced her to write natural poems. One is Pre-Raphaelitism, the art movement that her brothers established with their art students, and the other is Christianity. When Rossetti was young, she took part in the Oxford Movement with her mother and sister. I will discuss the relationship between Victorian natural history and Christina Rossetti’s works from the perspective of the influence of Pre-Raphaelitism and Christianity.

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