【要旨】

　1950 年代のアメリカのテレビ放送を支えた

　一般に、ドラマはシリーズとシリアルという二つのタイプに大きく分類される。

　米国・中国のシットコム番組の「笑い」がデザインされる際の表現においてどのような差異があるのかを、言語的特性の視点から分析した。米中で代表的なシットコム6 番組を分析対象とし、ラフ・トラックの性質について、「未熟性とのギャップ」「実在と虚構の混在」「エネルギーの移行」「表意と推意のズレ」「音声的要因」「先天的差異、属性差異の再認識」という大分類と、さらにシーン内容に即し詳細に作成した小分類を使用し、ラフ・トラックの数のデータ分析とテキスト分析を行った。テキスト分析では、発音されるべきところと違う発音のされ方や声真似など、言語や音声を契機として笑いが起こされたと考えられる箇所を、各番組の初めに出てくるシーンから、無作為に取り上げた。分析の結果、音声的要因により発生する笑いのポイントの割合は、両国とも3%-4%程度であり、差異として、米国シットコムでは「音の高低」による比率が高く、中国では、「同音異義語、似た音での聞き間違い」での比率が高いことが示された。

Focusing on the part where the laugh track is inserted from the highly representative sitcom of the United States and China, the common points between the United States and China regarding the point of laughter caused by “decoding the meaning of utterance” Differences are analyzed and considered. Use of “decoding the meaning of utterances” in the major classification items was found to be about 6 points higher in the United States. In the United States, it is a sub-category, “pride”, “unnatural metaphors and examples”, “explicit interpretation of what should be inferred”, “gap between real intention and tatemae”, “roundabout paraphrase”, “strange paraphrase”. In China, “pointing out the reality”, “detour”, “expanded interpretation” and “meaning is mediocre, implicature is dirty” were higher. The concept of “implicature premise”, “implicature consequence” of the relevance theory could be applied to the analysis of the insertion of the laugh track in “decoding the meaning of the utterance”.

A total of 10 highly representative sitcoms from the United States and China were selected, and questions were asked about how the laugh track insertion point (L.I.P) occurred due to the factor of “mixing reality and fiction’’, and what kind of expression between the American and Chinese sitcoms. Clarified if there was a difference. As a result, it was found that there were many points of occurrence of laugh tracks caused by the major category item “mixture of reality and fiction” in China with a significant difference. In terms of small classification items, the United States has a relatively higher ratio of “insertion of real things into topics,” “logic justifying strange obsessions,” and “serious discussion of fiction” compared to China. In China, the ratio of “exaggeration”, “becoming serious after being lied to”, “lieping and making mistakes”, “strange proposal”, and “successful operation” was shown to be relatively high.