「氷上の格闘技」と呼ばれるの試合中に，パックが頸部に衝突し，心肺停止で搬送された症例を経験したので報告する。症例は18歳の男性。の試合中，相手のシュートで放たれた硬質ゴム製パック（重量約160g）が左耳後部に当たり，意識消失した。直後は自発呼吸があったがまもなく消失し，救急車内収容後に心静止となった。当院に搬入された際は心肺停止状態であり，瞳孔は散大し対光反射は消失していた。CPRを継続し，エピネフリン 1 mg投与後，自己心拍が再開した。左乳様突起尾側部に打撲痕が認められた。CT及びMRIを撮影したところ，くも膜下出血及び脳幹周囲血腫を認めた。自発呼吸，意識は回復しなかった。集中治療室に入室し，脳保護目的で低体温療法を行ったが，第 5 病日のCTでは低酸素脳症の所見であり，脳波・聴性脳幹反応ともに平坦であった。遠征中の事故であったため第 7 病日に地元病院に転院搬送となったが，搬送 7 日後に肺炎による呼吸不全を主とする多臓器不全により死亡した。では身体接触による外傷のほか，スケート，スティックやパックなどによる外傷も多数報告されている。そのため若年者ではより厳重に防具で身体保護を行っているが，シュートは成人で120-150 km/hにもなる。今回は防具の隙間に衝撃が加わり，脳幹周囲出血及びくも膜下出血を呈し，脳圧上昇によって脳幹が圧迫され，呼吸停止から心停止に至ったと推測される。同様の事故による複数の剖検例も報告されており，今後防具等の改善を検討する必要がある。

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    The aim of this study was to examine visual search behavior of experienced basketball players when they rebound a basketball by using an eye-movement registration system. In basketball games, the possession of the rebounding ball provides one of the most important statistical data needed to win games. In order to get the rebounding ball, the player is required both to perceive temporal and spatial information through a complex visual field and to react to an opponent player immediately. Therefore, the seven male subjects’ experimental task was to block, or so called “box-out,” the opponent offensive player under 3 randomized tactical plays in basketball 3-on-3 situations. Subjects’ athletic careers ranged from 8 to 12 years (mean ± SD : 9.70 ± 1.50 years) . A subject, a defensive player, was fitted with an eye-tracking device (EMR-9, NAC Inc.) to acquire his viewing point for the detection of visual search behaviors. Subjects’ kinematic data was also captured by 3 video cameras (S21, CANON, 60Hz) . The results showed that experienced players could react to the opponent player before the shooter’ s ball release timing quickly, almost without viewing the shooter. Experienced players showed constant fixations, fixation duration and fixation locations before the shooter released the ball, and the distribution of experienced players’ viewing points was set at a spatial area between the shooter and the opponent player under 3 tactical plays. These results indicated that experienced players utilized the properties of an ambient vision system immediately for receiving visual information broadly in order to coordinate their actions ahead of the shooter and the opponent player action under the tactical situation. An effective visual search behavior is therefore an important factor in improving quick action in this task constraint.

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The present study examined the differences in anticipatory performance and visual search strategy between skilled and novice soccer players. Fifteen skilled and 10 novice soccer players participated in the experiment. Their anticipatory performance was evaluated using a temporal occlusion paradigm. Both groups looked at film clips that had been recorded on a soccer field including only one offender (1 vs. 1 situation), or three offenders and two defenders (3 vs. 3 situation). Participants were required to predict the direction of passing from the offender. Each film clip was terminated at 500ms (T1), 200ms (T2), 100ms (T3), or 0ms (T4) before, or 100ms (T5) after the ball had been passed. Skilled players showed high accuracy under T1, T2 and T3 conditions in the 3 vs. 3 situation than novice players. By using an Eyemark Record System, we tested the visual search strategy involved. The skilled players had lower search rates and longer fixation durations just before the ball was passed. These results suggest that, in comparison with novices, skilled soccer players adopt a more appropriate and effective visual search strategy, which has been acquired through experience in complex situations specific to soccer play.

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The oxygen consumption during physical exercise is necessarily dependent upon the load on the muscle and also on the mass of muscles at work. In the present study maximal work has been performed by legs and arms plus legs in pedaling bicycle ergometer.
Thirteen healty male students were studied. Group A consisted of eight Judoists, aged 18-21 years. Mean maximal oxygen uptake and max O₂ uptake/kg for this group were obtained 3.41/min and 44.7 ml/kg/min respectively in legs bicycle exercise. Group B consisted of five long distance runners, aged 19 years, with mean max. O₂-uptake of 3.31/min and max. O₂-uptake/kg of 57.2 ml/kg/min.
In arms plus legs bicycle exercise, max. VO₂ and max. VO₂/kg were an average value of 3.81/min and 49.8 ml/kg/min respectively for group A. For group B max. VO₂ and max. VO₂/kg averaged 3.61/min and 62.6 ml/kg/min respectively.
Group A 12% significantly higher values for max. VO₂ was attained in arms plus legs cycling (P<0.01), but group B 9% higher max. VO₂ when arms plus legs cycling than when legs cycling was actually not a regular finding in the group. Max. VO₂/kg in legs cycling was an average 9-11% lower than that on arms plus legs cycling. The differences were statistically significant for group A and group B.
Only in group A was max. VO₂ a little higher than in group B for legs cycling, but the differences was not statistically significant. Max. VO₂/kg was statistically significantly higher in arms plus legs cycling with both group. In group A max. heart rate, tidal volume and O₂-pulse were higher in arms plus legs cycling. Then max. heart rate and tidal volume were significantly higher in group A than on group B.

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Contact sports have attracted attention in the study of aggression, and many empirical studies on the relation between the two have been conducted. However, previous research on aggression has neither led to a consensus on gender differences, nor on differences between the various types of sports. The reason for this is that existing scales do not help quantify the ‘intentions' of subjects and are not useful in differentiating between different types of aggression. Accordingly, the use of psychological scales for the study of aggression in the area of sport to date has been limited.

To overcome this problem, this study sought to develop a scale based on the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) that discriminates between four types of aggression in sports −strategic, reactive, impulsive and hostile− from the perspectives of ‘acceptability' and ‘intention'. In Study 1, illustrations depicting scenes from a lacrosse tournament were created and a evaluation scale was developed. In Study 2, the validity of the scale was assessed and the characteristics of each type of aggression were clarified. The results revealed the overall validity of the developed aggression scale and also indicated that contact sport athletes can control their aggression, with high level athletes employing aggression strategically.

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Visceral fat accumulation is a notable risk factor in the incidence of lifestyle-related diseases such as metabolic and circulatory disorders. In this study, we measured visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) in rugby football players by using dual bioelectrical impedance analysis, as well as other metabolic and circulatory parameters. A total of 28 male players (15 forwards, 13 backs; mean age±SD: 23±4 years) participated in this study. VFA and SFA were significantly correlated with body weight. Thus, heavier players had higher VFA and SFA as well as higher body weight. In addition, VFA was significantly correlated with various blood parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and triglyceride. Six of the 28 players met the criteria for visceral obesity, defined as both body mass index ≥25 kg/m² and VFA ≥100 cm². In some of these players, blood parameters such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL, triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL, or systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg indicated elevated risk for metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest that in athletes like heavier rugby football players, abdominal visceral fat accumulation may indicate risk of lifestyle-related diseases.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the age- and athletic event-related differences in trunk muscularity among junior and senior athletes. The cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the rectus abdominis, lateral abdominal muscle group, psoas major and erector spinae were determined on magnetic resonance imaging for 188 junior athletes aged 12-18 years and 164 senior athletes aged ≥ 19 years in six different athletic events (male: archery, table tennis, Nordic combined, basketball, and wrestling; female: archery, table tennis, and gymnastics). To examine the age-related differences for each athletic event and sex, the subjects were classified into the following age groups: 12-15 years, 16-18 years and senior (≥ 19 years). The main results were as follows. 1) The magnitude relationships of trunk muscle CSA/height² differed among the age groups by athletic event and muscle. 2) The values of CSA/height² of the lateral abdominal muscle group and erector spinae were significantly larger in female gymnasts aged 12-15 years than in female athletes from the other athletic events. These results respectively indicated that 1) each trunk muscle has the potential to specifically develop according to the athletic events and 2) selective hypertrophy of the trunk muscles can be induced by training reflecting athletic event-specific characteristics in female junior high school athletes.

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近年，スポーツ分野で海外留学を目指す日本人が増えている．本実践報告では，ジャンル準拠タスクを用いた英語教授法により，将来，海外でサッカーの選手や指導者になることを目指す学生または社会人の６名が，サッカーのトレーニング指導で外国語コミュニケーション能力をどのように高めたかを報告する．参加者は，全15週にわたる学習の中で２回（中期と後期）タスクパフォーマンス・テスト（英語でのサッカーのトレーニング指導）が課された．本研究では，参加者の英語による発話の変化の様子を，「語彙・文法」と「ジャンル構造」の観点から２種類の質的調査（学習ログ記録，半構造化インタビュー）を用いて分析した．その結果，ジャンル準拠タスクを用いた英語教授法により，参加者たちは分野に特化した語彙・文法やジャンル構造への認識を深め，タスクパフォーマンス・テストに応用したことがわかった．

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