This paper focuses on urban design development in professional training and advisory body for local municipalities. Looking at the history of urban design in Japan starting from 1970s, methods as municipal design teams, city planning consultation, citizen participation, and design reviews were exploited. By recent inclination of collaboration with private sector, the public governance for urban design is crucial for effective and efficient urban revitalization. This paper reports on the frontier development in London by training (Urban Design London) and advisory organization (Design for London) to reveal the function and the role of urban design development in local municipalities.

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本研究は、都市計画を通じたCO2排出量削減のあり方を、経済活動を牽引する役割と環境負荷低減の両方を行う必要性の高い首都でいかに行うか、での取り組みを通じて考えることを目的とする。日英は計画制度、開発圧力等に違いがあるが、首都が経済社会ニーズに応えつつ、環境負荷低減をいかに行うか、本研究の成果が、早急に対処する必要性のある都市づくりにおける環境負荷低減の方向性を考える上での一助となることが望まれる。本研究の構成は以下の通りである。まず、におけるエネルギー有効利用実現のための政策の枠組みを明らかにする。次に、の開発圧力とCO2排出量の関係から地域の特性を明らかにした上で、市によるCO2排出量低減のための個別開発指導と面的エネルギー有効利用を図る指定地域の意味を分析する。最後に、これらを踏まえ、東京の都市計画がいかにCO2排出量削減のための取り組みを行うべきか議論する。

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In this study, it has aimed to clarify the tendency of Bangladeshi' concentrated community, the quota of ethnic groups, the measure of council and the actual condition of Bangladeshi' life, after being based on the historical circumstances of immigration from Bangladesh to Tower Hamlets in London. Immigration which constitutes the international manpower movement has the tendency to advance living together in the receiving country by taking advantage of original ethnic network. Therefore, the housing problem in Tower Hamlets was clarified as the local characteristic based on the hometown, Sylhet District in Bangladesh.

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　近世の

は流入民の激増と郊外の拡大の時代として知られる。その中で、中世以来の市域であるシティと郊外とが一体性を維持できたのかについては、研究者間で意見の一致を見ていない。
　そこで本稿は、東部郊外ステップニ教区のラトクリフ集落に位置したチャリティの運営を通じて、シティの同職団体、桶屋カンパニがどの程度郊外地域に影響力を持ち得たのかについて検討し、以下の点を明らかにした。まず、チャリティ運営に伴う組合員の継続的な現地訪問によってカンパニが構築した人的ネットワークは、細分化していたの諸権力のそれぞれの管轄の垣根を越える可能性を持っていた。同時に、その影響力には地理的、時間的限界があったと思われる。影響力の及ぶ範囲はチャリティ施設の周辺に留まっていたであろう。また1680年代頃までに、地域の状況変化を背景として、チャリティ運営を通じた住民からの支持獲得は困難になっていたと考えられる。

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本研究の目的は、京浜臨海部をはじめとする大規模工業・港湾地区の再生に向けた空間計画の枠組みの特徴を把握することである。及びロッテルダムの最近の空間計画の取り組みを事例として取り上げ、都市圏、工業・港湾地区全体、開発・再生地区の３つの空間レベルの空間計画の枠組みを分析した。その結果、(1)都市圏戦略の構成要素としての工業・港湾地区再生、(2)工業・港湾地区全体に対する分野融合的戦略、(3)開発・再生地区の明確な将来像と独自の実現方法、(4)小規模で機動力のある調整主体による計画の推進に関する特徴が把握された。

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The purpose of this research is to clarify what kind of discussion and activities promoted the inclusive education system of Newham. The research methods are to conduct an interview with a participant of Newham Parents’ Support Network and analyzed of some policy documents, related papers. 　In the UK, the number of special schools had been increasing by 1970s. This system segregated many disabled children into special schools. The disability movement had criticized this system and some parents joined it to acquire“parental rights”“. Warnock Report” and Education Act 1981 stipulated that children with special educational needs should be educated in mainstream schools if parents request it. However, the government had not prepared additional budgets for integration. Therefore, the parents’ campaign for educational support in mainstream school occurred in the 1980s. 　The Parents Centre of Newham provided the learning activities for parents of disabled children to know the purpose and contents of 1981 Education Act. The participants started to recognize their rights to education, represented their concern with integration. After that, they launched Newham Parents’ Support Network to enable parents to recognize their knowledge, skills, needs, put them into practice. 5 participants of NPSN joined Integration Working Party from 1983, shared their idea with the councilors, teachers, and officers of local education authority. Moreover, the parents made relationships with disabled young people who had graduated from special schools, shared the matters of“segregation”. 　The parents became a councilor（chair of the education committee in 1988- 1994） and school governors. The Integration Steering Group in education committee started the closure programs of 6 special schools, produced the learning support services in mainstream schools. 　In the 1990s, the parents, disabled children and adults, the teachers in mainstream schools, and LEA officers participated in Inclusion Project, and they created“The Newham Local Education Authority Inclusion Charter” and“The Audit”. It promoted a policy of making all parents feel their children will be welcomed in mainstream schools. After that, LEA’s officers reviewed all the SEN policies of mainstream schools according to Inclusion Charter and Audit. 　In Labor Government, the Department of Education and Employment organized the National Advisory Group on SEN. They shared good practices of Newham. Green Paper and the code of practice of Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 promoted the school- based approaches with supporting from LEAs. The role of LEAs was reviewed, and placements of pupils with statements in mainstream schools were increased by the 2000s. 　As a result of this study, it becomes clear that: the discussions with parents, the disabled adults and children, the teachers, local officers played important roles to acquire the educational supports in mainstream schools in Newham. They shared the concerns of each other, changed their roles, put the end of“segregation” in special schools as local level.

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