本論文では, 東アジア域内自由化, 特にカボタージュ権の緩和による社会厚生の変化および空港のサービスレベルの変化について検討を加えた.まずクールノー型量的競争を仮定した航空旅客輸送市場モデルを開発し, 均衡条件の導出を行った.次にモデルの再現性を確認し高い再現性を確認した.最後にカボタージュ権緩和をタグエンド・カボタージュ実施に限定し, 日本および香港を含む中国との間で行われた場合を想定した.このとき, 日本側ゲートウェイ空港を関西空港, 中国側を上海空港とした.結果として, 日本および中国国内市場に互いのナショナル.キャリアの参入が生じ, 社会厚生が向上することがわかつた.

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"The Idare-i Mahsusa, or IM (The Special Bureau)" was a steamshipping enterprise managed by the Ottoman Navy during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II (1876-1909). Because private enterprise were not insufficiently capitalized to compete with foreign companies, the Ottoman government had to establish a national flag for the purpose of managing domestic steam navigation. Unfortunately this attempt failed in the end.This paper analyzes the financial documents of the IM in order to clarify why its business came to a standstill. The author argues that the IM was marked by two characteristics which seriously affected its management. One was its being under the direct control of the Navy, the other was its being obligated to undertake military and official transport services.Concerning the former, excessive interference by naval officers who knew little of the maritime business end prevented the IM from growing as a commercial enterprise. They failed to arrange operations in order to meet the needs of customers. Moreover, unplanned expansion of the fleet incurred tremendous expenditures. Furthermore, arbitrary personnel management on the part of the Navy gave the IM fewer chances to train their own civilian captains and navigation officers. On the other hand, the fares for military and official shipping, mainly for the transport of recruits, veterans, hajjis (pilgrims) and immigrants, had originally been set lower than the normal rate by the government. Moreover, payment was often delayed, so although on paper the accounts appeared balanced, the IM actually had perpetual difficulty in raising funds.The original aim of establishing the IM was "development of steam navigation, " but having attached so much importance to its public and military contribution, the IM not only suffered heavy burdens, but was also prevented from developing into an independent commercial shipping enterprise. From macroscopic points of view, the reason why Ottoman steam navigation failed to establish itself was its subordinated integration into the capitalistic world economy and the progression of peripheralization in the Ottoman Empire. Nevertheless, it is true that in the Ottoman state itself, there were vital problems that prevented its own shipping business from favorable development.

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Toward the near future, with loosing population and the vitality of our own society, we need to have some near future dream goal. To obtain easy dream goals, we may study our predecessors’ experiences. In this study the author shows four typical entrepreneurs to make the students understands easily and have efficient goals in their lives.

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本研究は、1960 年代の海外旅行市場におけるテレビ CM の内容分析を目的に実施した。「20 世紀のテレビ CM デ ータベース」に収録された CM を調査したところ、パッケージ・ツアーに関する CM では、日系航空会社（日本航空）は商品ラインアップの豊富さと添乗員やガイドがつく安心さをアピールしていたのに対し、外資系航空会社は、自社の伝統をアピールしていた傾向が見られた。航空サービスに関するCM では、初期の海外旅行市場に特徴的な内容として、現地で日本語対応が可能である安心さをアピールした CM が複数見られた。

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