The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Yamanashi Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams at 47 sites in summer of 1997. A total of 8,512 blackflies, consisting of 7,802 larvae (91.7% in total number) and 710 pupae (8.3%), were collected at 41 sites. All of these blackflies were classified into 14 species of the two genera, Simulium Latreille and Prosimulium Roubaud. Two species, Simulium (Simulium) nikkoense and S. (Eusimulium) sp. H were newly recorded from Yamanashi Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (S.) japonicum (51.5% in total number), followed by S. (Gnus) bidentatum (18.8%), S. (Odagmia) aokii (10.5%), S. (S.) suzukii (5.0%), S. (Nevermannia) uchidai (4.7%), S. (Gomphostilbia) shogakii (4.6%) and S. (O.) iwatense (3.2%). The most widely distributed species was S. (S.) japonicum (36 sites), followed by S. (N.) uchidai (19 sites), S. (Gn.) bidentatum (16 sites) and S. (S.) suzukii (16 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Niigata Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and adults flying around the collectors at 111 localities in the summer of 1992. A total of 11,497 blackflies, 9,774 larvae, 1,702 pupae and 21 adults, were collected at 90 sites. The fauna composed of 18 species belonging to 2 genera. Four species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) shogakii, S. (Gnus) malyshevi, S. (Eusimulium) sp. H. and S. (E.) sp. Y., were newly recorded from Niigata Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (Simulium) japonicum (38.6%), followed by S. (Nevermannia) uchidai (21.9%), S. (S.) suzukii (13.2%), S. (Odagmia) aokii (8.2%) and S. (Gom.) shogakii (5.3%). The most widely distributed species was S. (S.) japonicum (60 sites). Other four species, S. (N.) uchidai (60 sites), followed by S. (S.) suzukii (51 sites), S. (O.) aokii (31 sites) and S. (Gom.) shogakii (26 sites), were also collected at many localities.

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The fauna and distribution of blackflies in Fukuoka Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams at 51 localities in spring of 1990. A total of 5, 613 blackflies, [5, 047 larvae (89.9% in total number) and 566 pupae (10.1%)], were collected at 37 sites. All these blackflies were classified into seventeen species of the genus Simulium Latreille and Prosimulium Roubaud. Five species, Simulium (Nevermannia) aureohirtum, S. (N.) konoi, S. (N.) mie, S. (Gnus) malyschevi and S. (Simulium) quinquestriatum were newly recorded from Fukuoka Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (N.) uchidai (29.7% in total number), followed by S. (Gn.) bidentatum (26.6%), S. (S.) japonicum (16.0%), S. (Gn.) nacojapi (9.8%) and S. (Odagmia) aokii (6.1%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai (29 sites), followed by S. (Gn.) bidentatum (18 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (17 sites), S. (S.) rufibasis (14 sites), S. (S.) arakawae (14 sites), S. (O.) aokii (11 sites) and S. (N.) subcostatum (10 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Gifu Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and of adults flying around the collectors at 111 sites in summer of 1994. A total of 18,481 blackflies, 16,576 larvae (89.7% in total number), 1,896 pupae (10.3%) and 9 adults (0.05%), were collected at 103 sites. All these blackflies were classified into 23 species of the genus Simulium Latreille and Prosimulium Roubaud. Three species, Simulium (Nevermannia) fontinale Radzivilovskaya 1948,S.(Gnus) sp. and S. sp. Y were newly recorded from Gifu Prefecture and the former was recorded for the first time from Japan. The most abundant species was S.(Simulium) kawamurae (26.6% in total number), followed by S.(S.) japonicum (23.3%), S.(Odagmia) aokii (13.6%), S.(Gnus) bidentatum (12.5%), S.(S.) suzukii (7.7%) and S.(N.) uchidai (6.1%). The most widely distributed species was S.(S.) japonicum (50 sites), followed by S.(N.) uchidai (49 sites), S.(O.) aokii (47 sites), S.(Gn.) bidentatum (46 sites), S.(S.) suzukii (46 sites), S.(S.) kawamurae (32 sites) and S.(Gomphostilbia) shogakii (29 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Miyazaki Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and adults flying around the collectors, at 82 localities in spring of 1995. A total of 16,088 blackflies, 14,210 larvae (88.3% in total number), 1,855 pupae (11.5%) and 23 adults (0.1%), were collected at 80 sites. All these blackflies were classified into fifteen species of the genus Simulium Latreille and Prosimulium Roubaud. Two species, Prosimulium (Prosimulium) yezoense and Simulium (Nevermannia) subcostatum s. l. were newly recorded from Miyazaki Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (Gnus) bidentatum (47.3% in total number), followed by S. (S.) japonicum (12.8%), S. (S.) arakawae (10.7%), S. (Nevermannia) uchidai (7.0%) and S. (Odagmia) aokii (6.6%). The most widely distributed species was S. (Gn.) bidentatum (58 sites), followed by S. (N.) uchidai (42 sites), S. (S.) rufibasis (36 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (35 sites), S. (S.) arakawae (30 sites) and S. (O.) aokii (29 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Shimane Prefecture were investigated by collecting larvae and pupae of blackflies from streams in 68 localities in the spring of 1991. A total of 7,218 larvae and 1,612 pupae belonging to 2 genera (Prosimulium and Simulium) and 18 species were collected at 67 sites. Seven species, Simulium (Nevermannia) konoi, S. (Simulium) quinquestriatum, S. (Gnus) daisense, S. (Gomphostilbia) omutaense, S. (Gom.) ogatai, S. (N.) mie, and S. (Eusimulium) sp. H. were newly recorded from Shimane Prefecture. The predominant species was S. (Gn.) bidentatum (26 9%), followed by S. (N.) uchidai (26.1%), S. (S.) arakawae (12.0%), S. (N.) konoi (9.7%) and S. (Odagmia) aokii (6.9%). The most widely distributed species were S. (N.) uchidai (53 sites), S. (G.) bidentatum (44 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (37 sites), S. (N.) subcostatum (27 sites), S. (S.) arakawae (25 sites) and S. (O.) aokii (25 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of blackflies in Mie Prefecture, Japan, were investigated based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and an adult flying around the collectors at 62 localities in autumn of 1988. A total of 9, 267 blackflies, 7, 768 larvae (83.8% in total number), 1, 498 pupae (16.2%) and one adult (0.01%), were collected at 55 sites. All these blackflies were classified into sixteen species of the genus Simulium Latreille. Four species, Simulium (Gonphostilbia) ogatai, S. (Go.) shogakii, S. (Go.) sp. and S. (Simulium) quinquestriatum were newly recorded from Mie Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (S.) japonicum (35.7% in total number), followed by S. (Gnus) bidentatum (33.4%), S. (S.) suzukii (10.1%), S. (S.) quinquestriatum (3.4%), S. (S.) rufibasis (3.1%) and S. (Nevermannia) uchidai (3.0%). The most widely distributed species was S. (Gn.) bidentatum (40 sites), followed by S. (S.) japonicum (36 sites), S. (S.) suzukii (26 sites). S. (N.) uchidai (26 sites). S. (S.) quinquestriatum (22 sites), S. (S.) rufibasis (17 sites) and S. (S.) nikkoense (17 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Oita Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams at 67 localities in autumn of 1994. A total of 8,747 blackflies, 7,309 larvae (83.6%) and 1,438 pupae (16.4%), were collected at 60 sites. All these blackflies were classfied into fifteen species of the genus Simulium Latreille. One species, Simulium (Nevermannia) aureohirtum, was newly recorded from Oita Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (Simulium) arakawae (30.7%) in total number), followed by S. (Gnus) bidentatum (26.0%), S. (S.) quinquestriatum (23.7%), S. (Odagmia) aokii (8.4%) and S. (N.) uchidai (6.0%). The most widely distributed species was S. (S.) arakawae (37 sites), followed by S. (N.) uchidai (30 sites), S. (G.) bidentatum (29 sites), S. (O.) aokii (26 sites), S. (S.) quinquestriatum (23 sites) and S. (S.) japonicum (13 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Kumamoto Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and adults flying around the collectors at 79 sites in spring of 1996. A total of 12,054 blackflies, 10,826 larvae (89.8% in total number), 1,211 pupae (10.0%) and 17 adults (0.1%), were collected at 69 sites. All these blackflies were classified into 14 species of the two genera Simulium Latreille and Prosimulium Roubaud. Three species, Prosimulium (Prosimulium) yezoense, Simulium (Nevermannia) konoi and S. (N.) mie, were newly recorded from Kumamoto Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (Gnus) bidentatum (52.6% in total number), followed by S. (S.) japonicum (13.6%), S. (N.) uchidai (10.2%). The most widely distributed species was S. (Gn.) bidentatum (55 sites), followed by S. (N.) uchidai (41 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (35 sites) and S. (S.) arakawae (26 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of blackflies in Kagoshima Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and adults flying around the collectors at 73 sites in spring of 1997. A total of 15,650 blackflies, 14,114 larvae (90.2% in total number), 1,519 pupae (9.7%) and 17 adults (0.1%), were collected at 68 sites. All these blackflies were classified into 16 species of the genus Simulium Latreille. One species, Simulium (Simulium) suzukii was newly recorded from Kagoshima Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (Gnus) bidentatum (51.3% in total number), followed by S. (S.) arakawae (21.2%) and S. (S.) japonicum (10.2%). The most widely distributed species was S. (Gn.) bidentatum (54 sites), followed by S. (S.) arakawae (46 sites), S. (Nevermannia) uchidai (32 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (19 sites) and S. (S.) quinquestriatum (19 sites).

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In taxonomy, assigning a scientific name and a common name for insects often include person's name, locality name, morphological characters as well as other information. Presently, 75 species of blackflies are known in Japan. The author reports here the result of examination of the origin of scientific name and the common name of blackflies of Japan.

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Hiroshima Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and of adults flying around the collectors at 84 sites in spring of 1993. A total of 8,892 blackflies, 7,313 larvae (82.2% in total number), 1,574 pupae (17.7%) and 5 adults (0.1%), were collected at 83 sites. All these blackflies were classified into twenty species of the two genera Prosimulium and Simulium. Twelve species, Prosimulium (Prosimulium) kanii, P. (P.) kiotoense, P. (P.) yezoense, Simulium (Nevermannia) konoi, S. (N.) mie, S. (N.) subcostatum, S. (Gomphostilbia) ogatai, S. (Gom.) shogakii, S. (Gnus) daisense, S. (Gn.) nacojapi, S. (Simulium) quinquestriatum and S. (S.) rufibasis were newly recorded from Hiroshima Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (N.) uchidai (40.2% in total number), followed by S. (N.) konoi (13.5%), S. (Gn.) bidentatum (11.9%), S. (S.) japonicum (10.2%) and S. (S.) arakawae (9.9%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai (70 sites), followed by S. (Gn.) bidentatum (33 sites), S. (S.) arakawae (32 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (29 sites), S. (N.) subcostatum (28 sites) and S. (O.) aokii (26 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Miyagi Prefecture were investigated from collections of larval and pupal stages of flies from streams and imaginal stages flying around the collectors at 78 localities in the spring of 1986. A total of 9,441 blackflies, 7,928 larvae, 1,464 pupae and 49 adults, was collected at 63 sites. Those blackflies were classified into 3 genera and 23 species. Sixteen species, Prosimulium (Prosimulium) yezoense, P. (P.) jezonicum, Cnephia (Stegopterna) mutata, Simulium (Nevermannia) konoi, S. (N.) subcostatum, S. (N.) uchidai, S. (Gomphostilbia) ogatai, S. (Gom.) shogakii, S. (Gnus) bidentatum, S. (Gnus) malyshevi, S. (Simulium) kawamurae, S. (S.) nikkoense, S. (S.) suzukii, S. (Eusimulium) sp. H., S. (E.) sp. Y. and S. sp. M-1 were newly recorded from Miyagi Prefecture. Predominant species was S. (N.) uchidai (26.8%), followed by S. (O.) aokii (24.8%), S. (S.) japonicum (19.1%) and S. (N.) konoi (7.3%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai (53 sites), followed by S. japonicum (39 sites), S. (O.) aokii (32 sites), S. (N.) konoi (19 sites), S. (S.) rufibasis (19 sites) and P. (P.) yezoense (16 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Fukushima Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and adults flying around the collectors at 138 sities in summer of 1995. A total of 22,935 blackflies, 20,066 larvae (87.5% in total number), 2,867 pupae (12.5%) and 2 adults (0.01%), were collected at 128 sites. All these blackflies were classified into 18 species of the genus Simulium Latreille and Prosimulium Roubaud. Four species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) shogakii, S. (Gnus) daisense, S. (Gn.) kisoense and S. (Simulium) nikkoense, were newly recorded from Fukushima Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (Odagmia) aokii (29.6% in total number), followed by S. (S.) japonicum (23.2%), S. (S.) suzukii (14.1%), S. (Gn.) bidentatum (11.8%) and S. (Nevermannia) uchidai (10.2%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai (88 sites), followed by S. (O.) aokii (83 sites), S. (S.) suzukii (73 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (71 sites) and S. (Gn.) bidentatum (59 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of blackflies in Aichi Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams at 59 localities in winter of 1986. A total of 4,992 blackflies, [4,772 larvae (95.6% in total number) and 220 pupae (4.4%)], were collected at 40 sites. All of these blackflies were classified into fifteen species of two genera: Prosimulium Roubaud and Simulium Latreille. Four species, Prosimulium (Prosimulium) yezoense, Simulium (Nevermannia) aureohirtum, S. (N.) konoi and S. (Simulium) quinquestriatum, were newly recorded from Aichi Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (Odagmia) aokii (28.3% in total number), followed by S.(N.) uchidai (24.7%), S. (Gnus) bidentatum (16.1%), S. (S.) japonicum (13.1%) and S. (S.) rufibasis (11.0%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai (28 sites), followed by S. (S.) japonicum (22 sites), S. (O.) aokii (19 sites), S. (S.) rufibasis (19 sites) and S. (Gn.) bidentatum (15 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of blackflies in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and adults flying around the collectors at 136 sites in autumn of 1997. A total of 20,735 blackflies, 18,232 larvae (87.9% in total number), 2,492 pupae (12.0%) and 11 adults (0.1%), were collected at 131 sites. All these blackflies were classified into 19 species of two genera : Prosimulium Roubaud and Simulium Latreille. Four species, Simulium (Nevermannia) aureohirtum, S. (Simulium) quinquestriatum, S. (Gnus) nacojapi and S. (Eusimulium) sp. H were newly recorded from Nagano Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (S.) japonicum (27.4% in total number), followed by S. (S.) kawamurae (17.6%), S. (Odagmia) aokii (17.3%), S. (N.) uchidai (14.9%), S. (O.) iwatense (10.1%) and S. (Gn.) bidentatum (5.6%). The most widely distributed species was S. (S.) japonicum (77 sites), followed by S. (N.) uchidai (71 sites), S. (O.) aokii (58 sites), S. (S.) suzukii (51 sites), S. (S.) kawamurae (44 sites), S. (Gn.) bidentatum (33 sites), S. (O.) iwatense (30 sites) and S. (N.) subcostatum (26 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Akita Prefecture were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams and adults flying around the collectors at 118 localities in summer of 1996. A total of 15,744 blackflies, 13,876 larvae (88.1% in total number), 1,867 pupae (11.9%) and 1 adult (0.01%), were collected at 104 sites. All these blackflies were classified into sixteen species of the genus Simulium Latreille. Four species, Simulium (Nevermannia) mie, S. (Gomphostilbia) shogakii, S. (Gnus) bidentatum and S. (Simulium) kawamurae were newly recorded from Akita Prefecture. The most abundant species was S. (S.) japonicum (29.4% in total number), followed by S. (S.) suzukii (25.0%), S. (N.) uchidai (18.9%), S. (O.) aokii (12.1%) and S. (Gn.) daisense (4.0%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai (68 sites), followed by S. (S.) suzukii (65 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (64 sites), S. (O.) aokii (42 sites), S. (N.) sp. H. (24 sites) and S. (N.) subcostatum (21 sites).

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The fauna and distribution of blackflies in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, were studied based on the collections of larvae and pupae from streams at 72 sites in spring of 1984. A total of 8, 124 blackflies, [7, 000 larvae (86.2% in total number) and 1, 124 pupae (13.8%)], were collected at 72 sites. All these blackflies were classified into 15 species of two genera : Prosimulium Roubaud and Simulium Latreille. Eight species, Simulium (Nevermannia) aureohirtum, S. (N.) mie, S. (N.) subcostatum, S. (Simulium) japonicum, S. (S.) nikkoense, S. (S.) quinquestriatum, S. (S.) rufibasis and S. (S.) suzukii were newly recorded from Yamaguchi Prefecture. Further two species were undescribed and/or unidentified species, e.g. Eusimulium sp. 2 and S. sp. H. The most abundant species was S. (N.) uchidai (29.5% in total number), followed by S. (S.) arakawae (26.0%), S. (N.) subcostatum (15.6%), S. (S.) japonicum (13.2%) and S. (Gnus) bidentatum (4.6%). The most widely distributed species was S. (N.) uchidai (64 sites), followed by S. (N.) subcostatum (62 sites), S. (S.) japonicum (43 sites), S. (S.) arakawae (37 sites), S. (S.) nikkoense (24 sites), S. (N.) mie (23 sites), S. (Gn.) bidentatum (22 sites) and S. (S.) suzukii (18 sites).

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