The fauna and distribution of blackflies were investigated by collecting immature stages of flies from streams in 44 localities in Toyama Prefecture in the summer of 1986. A total of 3, 464 larvae and 477 pupae belonging to one genus and 21 species, three of which were unknown, were collected at 38 sites. Eleven species, Simulium (Eusimulium) konoi, S. (E.) mie, S. (E.) sp. -Y., S. (Gomphostilbia) shogakii, S. (Odagmia) iwatense, S. (Gnus) bidentatum, S. (G.) daisense, S. (Simulium) kawamurae, S. (S.) nikkoense, S. (S.) tuberosum and S. (S.) sp. -S. were newly recorded from Toyama Prefecture. Predominant species was S. (S.) japonicum (51.4%) followed by S. (E.) uchidai (11.6%), S. (E.) sp. -H. (10.6%) and S. (S.) suzukii (8.6%). Species most widely distributed from the lowland areas to the highland were S. (S.) japonicum and S. (S.) suzukii.