Many modern planned residential area, especially new town do not have original souvenir and picture postcard which support identity of community. From 2002, we developed the 850 picture postcards which express the attractive scenery and history of the Senri new town, first large-scale new town in Japan. We found these community picture postcard are useful as 1) communication media of residents, 2) indicator of important landscape, 3) record for change of town, and 4) fund for local NPO group.

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This study is to make clear how the residents are conscious of the space in housing estates (Spatial-cognition), and moreover to examine the methods of the investigation. First; Image-map method, Sigh-map method, and Element-recall method were examined to decide the method of investigation in Takahatadai, Yonamoto, and Takanedai Housing estates. As the result, Element-recall method was could be describe quantitatively Spatial-cognition. Second; Six housing estates were selected for the object of this study. Because their arrangement forms of the dwelling units and the structure in the housing estates were typical. Third; The residents of the six housing estates were investigated by Element-recall method. In this paper (PART I), the result of investigation in Takahatadai and Yonamoto Housing estates, are presented as the first step of the study. Recall-rate of each elements (Shopping centers, Schools, Open spaces, benchs, etc.), were calculated as the numerical value that represent the extent of Spatial-cognition. Finally; Principal component analysis and Recall-map analysis on the base of the Recall-rate were showed to obtain the tendency of Spatial-cognition. In conclusion, their analysis are summarized as follows. 1) Spatial-cognition of the residents don't extend across Roadway and wide Pedestrian-way. But, Spatial-cognition extend on the Pedestrian-way fairly. 2) The extent of Spatial-cognition is influenced the arrangement forms of the dwellng units in Housing estate. 3) The arrangement of the public facilities on the Pedestrian-way, had better dispere than concentrate for the extent of Spatial-cognition. 4) Open-spaces that are set up every groups of the dwelling units, had better arrange nearly by Pedestrian-way, and so on.

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This study is to make clear how the residents behave in housing estates (Traces of Behaviour) and moreover to examine the relation between Traces of Behaviour and the spatial constitution of housing estates. First ; The methods of Routes of Behaviour and Frequency of Behaviour were thought out as the methods of the investigation that be able to obtain Traces of Behaviour of the residents. As the result of the investigation on the two methods in Mogusa Housing estate, the method of Frequency of Behaviour was selected for necessity to take the quantity and the extent of Traces of Behaviour even a few frequency. Second ; The residents of the six housing estates were selected for the object of this study, were investigated by the method of Frequency of Behaviour. In this paper (PART I), the result of investigation in Takahatadai and Yonamoto Housing estates, are presented as the first step of the study. The investigation is made up three items ; Utilization, Passage on foots, and Passage by automobiles. Utilization is the investigation how many days in a year the residents utilized the facilities (Shopping centers, Schools, Open spaces, Dwelling units, etc.) in the housing estate. Passage on foots and Passage by automobiles are the investigation how many days in a year the residents passed the point instituted beforehand in the housing estate. Third ; As the result of investigation, Utilization-rate, Passage-rate on foots, and Passage-rate by automobiles were calculated as the numerical value that represent the extent of Traces of Behaviour. Finally ; Utilization-maps analysis on the base of the Utilization-rate, Passage-maps analysis on the base of the Passage-rate on foots and automobiles were showed each dwelling unit. Moreover Principal compornent analysis and Cluster analysis were showed to obtain the tendency of Traces of Behaviour in the housing estates. In conclusion, their analysis are summarized as follows. 1) The arrangement of the public facilities on the Pedestrian-way, had better disperse than concentrate for the extent of Traces of Behaviour. 2) The extent of Traces of Behaviour is influenced the arrangement forms of dwelling units in housing estates. 3) The central place of the arrangement forms of the dwelling units is not always same as the mainplace of Traces of Behaviour. 4) The extent of Traces of Behaviour by automobiles depend upon the site relation between the own dwelling unit and Roadway. 5) The roadway divide the housing estate in two is undesirable. Because, Traces of Behaviour was limited by the roadway, and so on.

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The diurnal changes of surface temperature and the spectral reflectances are presented as the results of investigating many data obtained by ground truth. A practical procedure for quantitative measurement of urban thermal environment by multispectral scanner data is proposed and a useful method of ground truth is discussed. The regression analysis between MSS data and ground truth data shows that the spectral reflectance at the ground surface can be accurately determined by MSS data of visual band or near infrared band, and surface temperature can be determined by thermal infrared band. Furthermore, the values obtained by the regression line of infrared band are compared with those obtained by the temperature scale, the latter being estimated by the temperature of MSS black bodies. By observing the atmospheric effects, the importance of ground truth is pointed out.

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