The objective of my article is to discuss the following hypothesis that the construction of the EU is a political movement having the continuity with a process of nation-state building, analyzing the Statement of Paris in 1972 (Paris Summit) and the Declaration on European Identity in 1973 (Copenhagen Summit).
For this objective, I give attention to the phrase of “the foundation of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe” in the preamble to the Treaty of Roma. I primarily regard the European integration as the movement of integration of the peoples. Nationalism is a movement for nationstate building and has created its own national identity as a significant symbol for national integration in general. The European integration movement has also tried to create its own identity, a European Identity. It was also the time when the movement decided to progress from an economic community to a political union.
In the Paris Summit in 1972, the European Union was first manifested as a political aim in the official document of EC. But, this starting point toward EU hasn't been substantially observed because the 1970s has been evaluated as a “stagnant period” or “dark age” (S. Hoffman). However, this absence of perspective for the integration movement of the 1970s caused the lack of analyses not only on the declaration on European Identity in 1973, but also on the fact that the Community and member states had forged European Identity as a symbol for European Union. At that time, the Community and the member-states faced the substantial changes in international society. For example the Nixon shock, the Oil crisis, the Cold War and the Detente, and the advance of globalisation. That is to say, they shared the common threats but on the other hand, they had internal problems and transformations; the failure of the Snake, the necessity of institutional reform, and “the convergence of value consciousness (R. Inglehart)” among the peoples.
The Paris and Copenhagen Summits were held in the period of dynamic changes. And in these Summits, the keypersons, such as Tindemans and even Pompidou, had imaged the EU through the analogy with a nationstate. In addition, Member states added the limitation of “a common European civilization” to European Identity in Copehnhagen. Namely, in the process of construction of EU, one can observe the method that establishes the legitimacy of governance by making its own political identity. The 1970s, especially its first half, was never “dark age” of the European integration. The movement of the European integration in the 1970s as a whole had largely taken an important step forward the EU in the Maastricht Summit.

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The European Parliament shall be elected for the first time by direct universal suffrage in June 1979. This is an epock-making advance of international parliamentarism in the context of an emerging European Union. We have already witnessed the formation of three internationals of a new kind: Confederation of the Socialist Parties of the European Community, Federation of Liberal and Democratic Parties of the European Community and European People's Party (Fédération des Partis Démocrates Chrétiens de la Communauté Européenne).
This article seeks to outline the historical development of a political phenomenon in question, beginning with Saint-Simon's argument for European Parilament in 1814. The United States of Europe was a leitmotiv of Pacifist and Socialist movements throughout the 19th century. After th first World War, transnational movements sprang up for European unification. Coudenhove-Kalergi's Pan-Europa Union was the most active movement, enjoying support from leading state-men. Briand proposed a plan for European Federal Union within the framework of the League of Nations in 1930. This regional union should create a common market all over the European Community along with an organized political cooperation. The Briand Plan did not materialize.
In 1944, delegates from nine countries held clandestine meetings at Geneva, and drafted a Declaration of the European Resistances. This document preconized a federal union among the European peoples for the sake of Peace. After the War, transnational movements sprang up anew for European Unity. In May 1948, a Congress of Europe was held at The Hague in a cold war climate of Devided Europe. It appealed to the effect that all democratic European nations must create a United Europe with a Charter of Human Rights and a European Assembly. The Congress of Europe, a non-governmental meeting, led to the creation of the Council of Europe by a diplomatic treaty. This consists of two organs: Committee of Ministers and Consultative Assembly. This was a compromise between Intergovernmentalism and Federalism towards European unification, which deceived federalists. Jean Monnet, French technocrat, conceived a pooling of coal and steel production under an independent High Authority. Endorsing his ideas, Robert Schuman made a historical declaration in May 1950. This paved a new way towards European federation: Supranationalism. With the success of the Schuman Plan, Constitutionalism faded away, a movement for the immediate establishment of European federation by a written constitution. On the other hand, Gaullists of France advocated Confederalism, to which adhered Coudenhove-Kalergi. The European Defense Community proved an abortion. The “Relance” gave birth to two communities with less supranationality: EEC and EURATOM. The European Communities of Six has progressed on a confederal line towards European Union, and received in 1973 three countries of Intergovernmentalism.
Political parties exist on a national basis, and maintain transnational links. The former fact provides the cases where a same party finds itself critically devided on some concrete issue of European construction, an international problem. The latter fosters the formation of multinational political groups within European parliamentary assemblies. The European integration needs “European political parties” in the full meaning of the word. A first step has been made in view of the coming direct universal election of the European Parliament. As indicated above, three political formations have been set up just for this election, with a common platform. They are more than international associations of political parties, but, not yet the European political parties. The first European election takes place on a national basis, according to the respective procedures. The European Parli

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