EUの構築とヨーロッパ・アイデンティティの創造

EU構築過程と国民国家形成過程との連続性: 1969年-1973年

抄録

The objective of my article is to discuss the following hypothesis that the construction of the EU is a political movement having the continuity with a process of nation-state building, analyzing the Statement of Paris in 1972 (Paris Summit) and the Declaration on European Identity in 1973 (Copenhagen Summit).
For this objective, I give attention to the phrase of “the foundation of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe” in the preamble to the Treaty of Roma. I primarily regard the European integration as the movement of integration of the peoples. Nationalism is a movement for nationstate building and has created its own national identity as a significant symbol for national integration in general. The European integration movement has also tried to create its own identity, a European Identity. It was also the time when the movement decided to progress from an economic community to a political union.
In the Paris Summit in 1972, the European Union was first manifested as a political aim in the official document of EC. But, this starting point toward EU hasn't been substantially observed because the 1970s has been evaluated as a “stagnant period” or “dark age” (S. Hoffman). However, this absence of perspective for the integration movement of the 1970s caused the lack of analyses not only on the declaration on European Identity in 1973, but also on the fact that the Community and member states had forged European Identity as a symbol for European Union. At that time, the Community and the member-states faced the substantial changes in international society. For example the Nixon shock, the Oil crisis, the Cold War and the Detente, and the advance of globalisation. That is to say, they shared the common threats but on the other hand, they had internal problems and transformations; the failure of the Snake, the necessity of institutional reform, and “the convergence of value consciousness (R. Inglehart)” among the peoples.
The Paris and Copenhagen Summits were held in the period of dynamic changes. And in these Summits, the keypersons, such as Tindemans and even Pompidou, had imaged the EU through the analogy with a nationstate. In addition, Member states added the limitation of “a common European civilization” to European Identity in Copehnhagen. Namely, in the process of construction of EU, one can observe the method that establishes the legitimacy of governance by making its own political identity. The 1970s, especially its first half, was never “dark age” of the European integration. The movement of the European integration in the 1970s as a whole had largely taken an important step forward the EU in the Maastricht Summit.