八重山群島に属する石垣市, 竹富町, のらい発生状況を, 昭和11年より昭和57年までの46年間, 同群島でとられてきたらい対策の状況と共に調査した. 八重山群島内には昔かららいの施設がなく, 旧沖縄県時代及び米国民政府の前半までは群島内の患者は他の地域の施設に入所するといつたことで隔離政策も不十分であつた. 昭和42年, 日本政府の対琉球政府医療援助として学童のらい検診が実施され, 又昭和36年八重保健所はらいを地域の公衆保健活動の中に含め, 所内でらいの在宅治療を開始した. 以来発生患者は着実に減少し, 八重山群島のらいは現庄鎮静期に入つた. すなわち昭和42年度の発生患者は50名であつたが, 昭和57年度は1名となり, 小児らいも石垣市は昭和54年, 竹富町は昭和49年, は和和47年より発生を見なくなつた. ただ石垣市は近年都市型らいの様相を呈し, 今後の八重山群島のらい対策の焦点は石垣市に置かれるべきである.

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　　　A huge amount of studies about agricultural and fishing villages on Okinawa islands have been done in the area of Japanese cultural anthropology and folklore. However the main subjects of these studies were the religious festivals and the kinship in relation to this topic. Therefore there were not many studies, which had approached a structure of a village as a village itself, such as in the perspective of cooperative working group or administrative system. In this study we will analyze a structure of village and “logic of shima” through an acceptance of outsider which is Kubura hamlet in this case. As Kubura hamlet was a branch village of Itoman fishermen, it had been newly formed as a hamlet different from other hamlets in the origin. We will study a structure of village and “shima” in the case of Kubura hamlet, Yonaguni island in Okinawa.
　　　The result is as follows. Kubura hamlet had been embedded into Yonaguni Island through sharing cooperative work and “Machiri” festival in Yonaguni Island. However, nowadays Kubura forms a village as an organization of public hall, which is rot a cooperative group but holds a festival. Therefore Kubura village is a festival organization as an internal structure of village. However, Kubura village does not consist in a unit of administrative system, since a village headman does not have roles to convey administrative information to villagers.

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