This paper analyzes the reasons of the development of the Chinese photovoltaic industry. China is the largest producer of many industrial products and has become the world’s largest exporter in 2009. However, half of China’s exports are low-value-added processing trade. Only a few Chinese manufacturing firms undertake R&D (research & development) activities. The Chinese government has emphasized the transformation of economic development mode from factor-driven to innovation-driven mode and from extensive to intensive growth. For the purpose of enhancing the abilities of indigenous innovation, the Chinese government has designated high-tech industries and seven strategic emerging industries. As a high-tech and strategic emerging industry, the Chinese photovoltaic industry has achieved rapid growth and formed excess capacity over the course of only a few years. As a result, China has become the world’s largest solar photovoltaic producer and exporter. Although the Chinese government has continued to emphasize the transformation of industrial development mode from processing trade to indigenous research, many photovoltaic manufacturers import the raw materials of silicon or photovoltaic cells and then re-export them as photovoltaic modules after processing. Both the ratio of R&D Expenditure/Net Sales and the ratio of R&D Employees/All Employees of main Chinese manufacturers are low in spite of their being authorized as “High and New Technology Enterprise”. This paper finds that the rapid growth of the Chinese photovoltaic industry mainly comes from government support and preferential treatment for taxes and loans; as well as fundraising through initial public offerings in foreign stock markets, importation of production equipment, and easy environmental standards. The development mode of the Chinese photovoltaic industry is still a factor-driven instead of innovation-driven mode.

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China is one of the main consumers of forest products, its trade with developed countries having expanded after it joined the WTO and abolished tariffs. The structure of China’s trade imports and exports for forest products has also changed greatly with rapid economic growth. This study focused on China’s forest products trade with Japan and the aspects such as what sort of mechanism and pattern of trade progresses in making an analysis related to international trade. Analyzing these trade patterns using the international input-output table between China and Japan, this study results show that for forest products the interindustry and intra-industry trade are making progress. I use a gravity model and a general regression model to analyze and identify the factors that contribute to trade expansion and influence the structure of the forest products.

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This paper examines the current situation and problems of the Japanese meat processing company in China shifting from exports to domestic sales. Company NI focused in this paper, products meet products, and especially expand to domestic sales. At first, company N which is parent company of NI raised investment ratio to start domestic sales. NI raises materials by using Chinese major company which is another parent company, on the other hands sales by own strategy. In addition, the products of NI are mainly to target catering and meal replacement market. NI’s customers of retails are almost Japanese. However, customers of catering and meal replacement market are Chinese, Japanese and others. There are some problems about starting domestic sales. First, if expand market, cost recovery could become serious problem. Second, costs of entering shops increase too. NI is needed to expand market which is not only retails but also catering and meal replacement. As a result, NI devises following risk diversification strategy. 1. NI expands domestic sales, at the same time, continues to exports to Japan. This approach can compensate risks about each other. 2. About domestic sales, expands both retails and catering and meal replacement market. It can compensate risks and pays such as cost recovery or costs of entering shops.

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