Administrative agencies headed by board members (hereinafter called “administrative commissions”), such as the Fair Trade Commission, were introduced to Japan after World War II ended. The Headquarters of the Allied Army requested the Japanese Government to set up such commissions after the independent regulatory commissions in the United States. Administrative commissions were expected to play important roles within the new administrative organization that were taking shape at the time. In fact, at the beginning of the occupational period, many commissions were set up for the purpose of economic regulation just like in the United States. Such commissions included Fair Trade Commission, Public Utilities Commission, Radio Control Commission, and Securities Exchange Commission. After Japan had gained its independence, however, many of them were either abolished or reorganized into advisory panels in pursuit of downsizing the administrative organization. Out of the U.S.-influenced economic regulatory commissions, it is only the Fair Trade Commission that has survived the backlash.
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