A physically retarded eight-year and three-old boy presented with vomiting and diarrhea. He had complained of anorexia since his infancy. Administration of thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism, gastrostomy for feeding and fundplication for gastroesophageal reflux had been performed. A protruding tumor of the anterior wall of the stomach, at the site of former gastrostomy, was discoverd unexpectedly by upper GI series. Endoscopic biopsy of the tumor revealed gastric cancer. Partial gastrectomy with complete removal of group I lymphnodes were performed. The operative finding showed neither peritoneal dissemination nor hepatic metastasis. The skin of the abdominal wall around the gastrostomy was excised additionally. Histological study of the specimen demonstrated moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with limited invasion into the mucosa. The surgical margin was carcinoma-free. Two years postoperatively the boy is alive and well without any evidence of recurrence. Gastric cancer in children under 15 years of age is extremely rare. Sixty-four cases were collected among Japanese literatures. All 64 cases had advanced cancer and died of cancer. This is an exceptional case with early cancer and survival.

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In the rural district of Hokkaido, which holds 70% of the whole area of Hokkaido, those villages where the death-rate of sucklings is of the order of 40's (per 1, 000 births) come up to more than one third of all the villages, whereas in the cities it ranges between 20 and 39 A variety of factors may be accountable. With a view to contributing something to the clarification of the causation, I should like to introduce the existing conditions of a typical rural village located in the east of Hokkaido.
1. In comparison with cities, there are more premature babies born in the village, and furthermore about one half of the babies there are below the standard in weight and height.
2. Beginning and completion of the process of ablactation are delayed;diet is of ten low in protein and fat. There are many cases of rachitis ascribed to malnutrition; and a considerable number of babies suffer from anemia or eczema
3. Luxatio coxae congenita is found in 17% of the babies and it is often accompanied with rachitis;and there are many artificially fed babies.
4. On the other hand, the sleeping hours of nursing mothers are insufficient. There Were many hypertensive cases among them, and 37% of them showed decrease in serum protein.
5. Toxicosis is observed in 62% of pregnant women.
6. Cases of artificial abortion are numbered lately 1.3-1.5 times as many as the number of births.
7.38% of families are still using “izuko (a small cradle made of straw traditionally used in the northern parts of Japan, which is found to be detrimental to the baby's growth)”.
The factors enumerated above would all in all be accountable for the aggravating conditions of sucklings: the poor health conditions of pregnant mothers play such injurious effects on their potential babies that they give birth to premature babies, and the dissatisfactory environment following the birth contributes to the appearance of undernourished sucklings-a vicious cycle which terminates in deaths. In order to rectify the present situation the following plans would be effective. First of all, births should be controlled so as to take place at intervals of 3 or 4 years, preferrably from spring to summer; women in pregnancy and in nursing period should take diet especially rich in protein and vitamins; sucklings should be placed under careful health control including timely ablactation and prevention against rachitis; besides, the authorities concerned and the health centers are required to collaborate more positively in the health campaign.If all such efforts are made, mothers and sucklings in rural areas may no doubt attain the health standards held in the cities.

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Carcinoma of the stomach in childhood is extremely rare. Only 6 cases under 10 years of age have been reported in Japan. This paper reports a case of carcinoma of the stomach in a 7-year and 5-month-old boy. This is the youngest case in so-called adult type carcinoma of the stomach in Japan. The tumor located mainly in the cardial region of the stomach. Total gastrectomy with splenectomy and combined resection of the pancreas tail was performed. Reconstruction of the alimentary tract was achieved by esophago-jejunostomy with Roux-Y in retro-colic fashion. Histological study of the specimen demonstrated anaplastic adenocarcinoma. A literal review collected 62 cases of carcinoma of the stomach in childhood under 15 years of age reported in Japan. When there is a persistent gastro-intestinal symptom like epigastralgia and vomiting in childhood, it is essential to consider the possibility of gastric malignancy regardless of the age of the patient.

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村落は、生産から祭祀まで、人びとのおよそあらゆる営みが行われる場所であり、一定の秩序を備えた小宇宙であった。村落の空間秩序の有りようは、そこで展開される人びとのふるまいや伝統行事の様態からうかがうことができる。本稿は、成田市下方における伝統的厄払い行事「人形送り」に注目し、その行事のなかで展開される人びとの所作を読み解き、行事に内包される人びとの空間観念を析出し、当該村落の人びとがなした空間意匠の特質を考察した。それにより、以下の知見を得た。(1)「人形送り」にみられる所作には、藁人形を神格に変貌させ、これを定められた場所に掲げることにより、災厄の村落への侵入を防ぐ意図がうかがわれる。(2)「人形送り」には、下方の4つの集落と集落が管轄する田地全体を「内」とする空間観念が内包されている。(3)「人形送り」は、平穏な生活空間の創出を志向した村落の人びとによる空間意匠そのものであり、時間空間を共有する人びとの間に規範意識や同族意識を醸成するものである。

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