The purpose of this paper is to examine the development processes of both the sugar industry and the area infrastructure in Kosyun (present-day Hengchun), in southern Taiwan, during the period of Japanese administration.

The Kosyun sugar refinery company was established in 1917 and constructed two improved traditional sugar manufacturing plants. The Kaikou port boat basin, in northern Kosyun, was constructed in 1922.

In 1926 Kosyun sugar refinery company integrated its two factories into one large sugarcane mill and constructed its push-car railway between Kosyun and Kaikou port. Furthermore, Kosyun sugar refinery company constructed irrigation facilities in the surrounding farmlands.

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　The purpose of this paper is to examine the area development process on the Zhuoshui river basin in Taiwan between the 1900s and 1910s using the change-over of restricted zone for raw material collection.

　Initially, some small improved traditional sugar manufacturing plants were established by Taiwanese capitalists. For each, they also acquired small restricted zones for raw material collection and constructed a push-car railway network.

　Next, some new larger sugar mills were constructed by Japanese capitalists. For each, they also acquired larger restricted zones for raw material collection and constructed a narrow-gauge railway network.

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A fresh corpse of the Black-chinned Fruit Dove Ptilinopus leclancheri was collected on Iriomote Island of the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan (24°15′13′′N, 123°52′15′′E), on 26 August 2004 immediately after the passage of a typhoon. This is the first record of this species in Japan, whose normal range is Taiwan or the Philippines. Considering the geographic and atmospheric circumstances, it is most probable that the bird arrived at Iriomote Island accidentally. The undeveloped small ovary and the slightly ossified skull strongly suggest this individual to have been a juvenile female. Comparative measurements of three Taiwanese specimens and the Japanese one were newly taken and compared with literature on this species. All four specimens shared similar measurements, especially in terms of the distinctively long culmen, which is suggestive of subspecies P. l. taiwanus, although the subspecies status had been suspected to be wrongly attributed to vagrant individuals with abnormal characters.

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This paper aimed to clarify the private landscape architectural technicians in Taiwan, in the Japanese colonial period. This paper researched the number, the names and the business contents of them. The results of document analysis led to this paper new findings: (1) There were 66 landscape architectural technicians. The number of them is around 40% of the whole horticulturists in Taiwan. (2) The 66 landscape architectural technicians included 49 Japanese (it includes estimated people as Japanese.) and 17 Taiwanese. The number of Japanese exceeds 70% of the whole landscape architectural technicians. (3) There were 32 technicians who worked as gardeners. The 32 technicians included 31 Japanese (it includes estimated people as Japanese.) and Taiwanese was only 1 person. The result shows that it has a lot of possibilities that many Japanese gardens in Taiwan were constructed by such Japanese technicians. (4) There were 57 technicians who grew landscape architectural trees. The 57 technicians include 40 Japanese (it includes estimated people as Japanese.). The number of them is around 70% of the whole. (5) Some landscape architectural technicians in Japan exported landscape architectural trees to Taiwan. The export of such plants to Taiwan from Japan is one of important points to consider landscape architectural spaces in the period, Taiwan.

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本研究では，ステークホルダーの役割や関係の視点から日本と台湾の土砂災害に対する地域防災について分析した。日本では，地域防災活動の歴史が長く，組織と計画が中心に動いている。台湾では，地域住民が多様な行政担当，専門家と協働的に地域防災の活動を行っている。両者の課題解決のために，相互的に参考にできることがある。日本の行政・専門家と地域住民の間のコミュニケーションの強化について，特定の「人」を中心とした地域の防災体制を作ってきた台湾の手法は参考になる。他方で，防災活動の継続力が不足している台湾の問題については，地区防災計画のような地域防災を制度化する日本の在り方から学ぶ部分がある。

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The author has carried out a study on the fruit and vegetable supply systems of Asian countries. In this paper he investigated the supply system of Taiwan and contrasted it with those of Japan and Korea. Taiwan is a densely populated newly-industrialized economy with 23 million people and mountainous terrain. Results obtained from the study data are as follows. A polarization phenomenon can be seen in relation to the production of fruit and vegetables in the country, with a tendency for poor distribution by producers of many items and a tendency for a few large producers to have a large domestic market share. In terms of distribution, there is a significant number of transactions in the wholesale markets in the northern region, which is the most populated area of the country, and these play a important role in the system supplying the consumer market. In the case of markets in producing regions, there are some fruit wholesale markets in the south and some vegetable markets in the central region. Taiwan's fruit and vegetable exports are smaller than its imports. Notable imported items are those that do not rot easily, such as onions amongst vegetables and temperate items such as peaches and apples amongst fruits. These points are common with Korea and Japan. In particular, there remains much room for discussion in relation to countries with a low overall food self-sufficiency ratio retaining a relatively high ratio of fruit and vegetable self-sufficiency with a polarized production pattern. One difference with Korea is that it has a certain share in the Japanese market due to the advantage of geographical proximity, whereas Taiwan has only a limited effect on the Japanese market Considering the position of Taiwan in East Asian fruit and vegetable supply in the future, the key issue is Taiwan's strategy of launching its tropical products into the Japanese market.

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本稿では、台湾における博物館の歴史的変容を史実に基づいて整理し、次のことを明らかにした。(1)台湾の博物館の歴史は、日本植民統治時代、戦後の国民政府時代、戒厳令解除後の文化政策期に大きく大別できる。この歴史的流れのなかで、台湾の博物館は、中央政府に長期間いわば従属していた「中央型博物館」から、それぞれの博物館が存在する地域との連関を意図し、独自の文化的・社会的背景に立脚した「地域型博物館」へと、変容してきた。(2)日本植民統治時代の博物館は、台湾を殖産興業の基地とする日本政府の方針に基づいて殖産興業化を支援・誇示する博物館、ならびに、皇民化政策を支援・徹底するための博物館として機能した。(3)戦後の国民政府時代においては、中華思想を民衆に浸透・徹底するため、島民全員を同一的な中華民族に帰属させる意識高揚を果たす機関として、博物館が位置づけられた。(4)工業化が伸展し、戒厳令が解除されるようになって以降、台湾の博物館は、地域社会との結びつきを強めた運営への転換を志向し始めるようになった。

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