Successful offense in basketball depends on each player's leaming and execution of a set of skills fundamental to offensive plays. Regardless of the type of team offense used, we can expect little success if the players do not have the individual tactics needed to perform one-on-one offense within an offensive system. However, in the present situation we find players given techniques and tactics too difficult, too complex, or too numerous for their talents and abilities. In additon, so far as the author has been able to uncover, very little literature exists in which clear definitions of the terms “technique" and “tactics" are given, and how much relationship and interdependence they have has not yet been made clear. The purpose of this study is to provide a trail plan on the classification of “fundamentals" and “individual tactics" in offensive basketball from the viewpoints of the careful selection and structurization by analyzing Basketball Canada and Shiro Yoshii's theories.

    The main results may be summarized as follows :

 (1) Offensive fundamentals can be roughly classified into “body control" , “ball handling" and “shooting".

  1) Body control consists of “body balance" and “footwork".

  2) Ball handling consists of “ball handling"，“reception" “passing" and “dribbling".

  3) Shooting is organized from the following four steps of shots : “one handed set shot"，“jumping set shot"，“jump shot" and “lay-up shot".

 (2) Individual tactics can be divided into two parts: player with the ball and player without the ball.

  1) Individual tactics of player with the ball is triadically classified into the exeution of fundamentals, “one player maneuvers" and “faking" depending upon whether or not they are under direct pressure from a defender.

  2) Individual tactics of player without the ball is classified into “getting open" and “faking" depending upon whether or not they are under direct pressure from a defender.

    From the results described above, we may conclude that we have been able to give a guideline for the investigation of the careful selection and structurization of offensive techniques and tactics in basketball.

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The aim of this research is to show a concrete building procedure of freelance offense in basket ball games, by summarizing a theory for offense-maneuver, a step-by-step teaching method, and a practice drill, taking an example of “Passing Game” which is a form of free-lance offense, performed by a women team of T-University in 2004.
The aim of the “Passing Game” which the women team of T-University performed was, to make a “flow” by a continuous movement of the players and the ball based on a quick passing maneuver, and to make an “offensive maneuver toward the basket” by driving straightly to the goal using such maneuvers as “driving” and “cutting”.
The “Passing Game” consisted of 6 principles, in order to achieve the two big aims. In the concrete method of teaching, the following 5 items of maneuvering technique have to be strengthened: “Passing”, “Receiving”, “Cutting” “Driving” and “Drifting”.
A practice drill can be done step-by-step to strengthen each item of the skill, but the final check of the achievement must be done in the scrimmage. As the changes in the offensive maneuver, which were brought about by the “Passing Game” performed by the team of T-University in 2004, the following can be stated compared to and analyzed by the data of games in 2003: (1) More scores were acquired, (2) Shooting maneuver was performed more evenly by players in participation, (3) More shooting maneuvers were performed near the basket.
The tendency of the 3 achievements was confirmed, which indicates the powerfulness of the offensive method.

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As for the defense of basketball games, the method of practice and/or detailed contents is introduced in many technical books or coaching books. However, only few books are published describing or mentioning the specific contents of “the period division” for a season. Therefore, in this research, we examine some examples how the successful team defense is built, and the detailed contents by using the analysis method of both “the annual play” and “the period division”. Our aim is to show the guidelines covering the method of making the good team, and to make them the best use of teams in the future.
By carrying out this research, the following suggestion is presented:
(1) It was effective to vary the defense such as “Zone Press”, “Trap Defense”, “Half Court Zone Defense”, based on “Full Court Pressure Man-to-man Defense”, etc.
(2) The “Pressure Man-to-man Defense” became strong by making “Ball Press”, “Deny”, “Help” the well-balanced ones. Further, the priority to build the defense was made as “Off-ball Defense”, “On-ball Defense” and “Both Sides Balance”; and strengthened step-by-step lead to success.
(3) As for the defense, both to divide the period, and to decide the theme, by each cycle for the peak season, are found to be important and effective.

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When considering sports the functional aspects of physical strength are often regarded as the most important. Although physical shape, including both height and weight, is a factor in sports, physical function is much more important. It is widely accepted that physical shape is inferior to function, however, this possible handicap can be offset by enhancing the physical of one's body. Yet, in some sports superiority in physical shape makes an obvious difference in the ability or success of an athlete. It is physical shape that is an important factor in enhancing functions; functions are based on physical shape. Thus it is necessary to consider the equality of physical conditions and make adjustments for such a consideration in the rules, which presently only consider weight as a factor.
The aim of this study is to introduce “height”, a factor usually ignored in the world of sports today, as a measure for equalizing the present inequalities; and to clarify whether or not it is valid to introduce a “height system” in order to make games fair.
First the history of the weight system, the only physical factor used presently in sports rules, will be examined, along with an inquiry into the ideological background of the system. From this point of view, an examination of the present needs for a height system will also be pursued.
A historical consideration of the system proves that handicaps caused by weight were already empirically understood before the weight system was introduce. The weight system was adopted at the St. Louis Olympic Games and then spread worldwide. The introduction of the weight system has been an important factor in popularizing many sports, especially ones which involve physical contact sports (kakutogi, judo, wrestling, etc.).
When the weight system was first introduced, weight was simply considered to be proportional to muscular strength. It can be inferred that weight came to be an important factor in sports where muscular strength is effective. Interestingly, the sports in which a weight system was first introduced in the St. Louis Olympic Games were all developed in the U.S. This is possibly due to the fact that Americans have a tendency to hold rationalism and equalitarianism in high esteem. Taking these factors into consideration, the conclusions are as follows: 1) Although weight difference was empirically believed to have had an influence on the games, it became overt when the relationship between weight and muscular strength was scientifically clarified. 2) Games such as kakutogi or weight lifting are individual sports and can be greatly affected by differences in muscular strength, necessitating the introduction of a weight system to guarantee fairness.
As is quite clear from the case of basketball, the effect of height in determining victory or defeat is becoming extremely important in highly specialized sport pursuits. Considering that a weight system was introduced and is still at present being used because of rationalism supported by scientific inquiry and because there was a desire to maintain equality in sports, it is likely that as the effects of height in sports become more scientifically clarified a height system to help create a level of fairness will be introduced in the near future.

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 The purpose of this paper is to clarify the method of the defense transition for a fast break in basketball. The trial sequence obtained as a result of this study is as follows.

1.In the positioning when there is an offensive rebound, three players mutually form a triangular relationship on the inside. The two players on the outside play the role of safety men in case there is a long rebound.

2. If the rebound is taken by the opponent, the player closest to the rebounder applies pressure to delay the outlet pass, even just a little.

3. The player who acted as the long rebounder matches up with the player who receives the outlet pass.

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