Japan, a backward country in the 19th century, applyed the most modern banking system from the advanced countries in Western Europe. The Industrial Bank of Japan, incorporated in 1900, was modeled on the Credit Mobilier in France. However, contrary to the planners' expectation, the real which the Industrial Bank of Japan played in 1900's was quite different from the roal which the Credit Mobilier played in France in 1850's. The points of difference were as follows. (1) Credit Mobilier made long-term loans to capital using firms as railway firms, but, in Japan, long-term loans to such firms were made by zaibatsu holding companies and zaibatsu banks. The Industrial Bank of Japan could only take an active part in the investment to the colonies such as Korea and China, which zaibatsu hadn't dare because of the possibility of suffering loss. (2) Credit Mobilier could raise the funds; collecting the savings of the French people, and even made loans to the foreign countries such as Germany, Spain and Italy. On the contrary, having difficulties in raising funds, the Industrial Bank of Japan issued bonds in Western Europe and U. S./In Japan, the savings of the people were very few as the feudalism survived till 1873. (3) In France, after the violent conflict between "old wealth" (the haute banque) and "new wealth" (the Credit Mobilier), the Pereires-the representatives of "new wealth"-beat the Roths-childs-the representatives of "old wealth". In Japan, "old wealth" (zaibatsu such as Mitsui and Mitsubishi) mutilated the bill of the Industrial Bank of Japan which had been advanced by a part of the Bureaucrats and the small class industrial bourgeoisie.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of the Japanese electric lamp industry after the Russo-Japanese war. Subsequent to the war, the Japanese electric power industry grew rapidly, and there was a substantial increase in the supply of electric lighting. In this robust market, the Japanese electric lamp industry gradually gained ascendency over imported lamps.
In 1905, the Tokyo Electric Company entered into a capital and technical alliance with General Electric. Tokyo Electric as a subsidiary of GE attained the advantage in the Japanese market. Further, Tokyo Electric had a close connection with large customers and reliable information on the Japanese market. Conversely, GE had superior mass production technology. Owing to the combination of the above-mentioned strong points, Tokyo Electric expanded the supply of market-oriented quality products.
Simultaneously, several manufacturers also entered the market. A number of these mature influential firms established close connections with large customers. The competition between Tokyo Electric and those influential firms facilitated the growth of the electric lamp industry.
Meanwhile, the technical development of electric lamp was very rapid. In Europe and USA, several new types of lamps were developed. The most important product was the drawn-wire tungsten filament lamp, and it was developed by GE. As a result of the introduction of technology and supply of tungsten filament from GE, Tokyo Electric succeeded in manufacturing the new product.
GE's strong patent gave Tokyo Electric a monopoly in the Japanese market. However, the coexistence of Tokyo Electric with several small-scale manufacturers continued. The increase in the supply of engineers and skilled laborers, the formation of related industry, and the close relationship and financial contribution with large customers facilitated entry and growth of small manufacturers. Moreover, several manufacturers attempted to open the retail market and export.

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