「力の基礎を欠いた外交は破綻する」─．欧州の外交当局者に永く語り継がれてきた言葉である．自らの理念を国際政局のなかで実現する力を欠いた外交は，その理想が高邁なものであればあるほど，国際政治の最前線では波乱要因になってしまう．欧州の老練な外政家たちは，彼らの経験則からそうした現実を知っていたのだろう． 超大国アメリカは，冷戦期を通じて，その強大な軍事，経済，文化の力を通じて「アメリカの世紀」を演出してきた．だが，冷たい戦争の幕がおりて十数年，アメリカはいま，自らがその威力を信じてきた「力の外交」が，新たな壁に突き当たっていることを直視しなければならなくなっている． 北朝鮮の金日成政権は，「核計画の完全な申告と核施設の無能力化」という対米約束を容易に履行しようとしていない．日米同盟が想定してきた「朝鮮半島の有事」にとって，死活的に重要な意味を持つ北朝鮮の核放棄．だがブッシュ共和党政権は，従来の「力の外交」が機能しなくなっている現実に直面している． こうした超大国アメリカの凋落は，対イラク戦争での躓きによって顕著となり，その負の影響は，東アジアにも影を落としている．本稿では，誤ったイラクへの力の行使によって，東アジアの秩序を安定させてきた日米の安全保障体制に生じた揺らぎを検証し，「日米同盟の空洞化」が東アジアにいかなる情勢をもたらしつつあるかを考えてみたい．

It is widely accepted that policy for women in peacebuilding is a crucial issue, yet there are some academic discussions that policy for women by the UN (United Nations) tends to be marginalised. This note attempts to discuss and reveal the UN's flawed implementation of policy for women in peacebuilding operations focusing on the UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (SCR1325). The resolution was adopted in 2000 for improving female active involvement in conflict resolution, conflict prevention, peacebuilding operations and peacekeeping operations. The literature review on SCR1325 and its implementation describes that the resolution gave women a positive role in peacebuilding operations; however, other literature also criticises the fact that SCR1325 was used as a convenient loophole for the UN to marginalise and ghettoise policy for women from peacebuilding operations.

To examine the attitude of the UN towards policy for women in peacebuilding operations based on SCR1325, DDRR (Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Repatriation) for ex-female combatants in UNMIL, (the United Nations Mission in Liberia) was investigated. In DDRR, some consideration by the UN for female participants has been shown; however, there were some difficulties for women. Moreover, there are some criticisms that some difficulties was caused due to lack of consideration by the UN.

The study revealed the reason why the policy by the UN for women is afforded such low priority can be explained using the power relationship between the UN and the aid recipient country, Liberia, in peacebuilding operations. Developed countries, including those within the UN, are likely to introduce a western-oriented liberal economy, rational institutions and policies to conflict-affected countries in the context of the peacebuilding. In the process, it seems that post-conflict society, e.g. Liberia, is forced to accept the institution due to the power relationship. Moreover, the ‘gender hierarchy’, that is the system that privileges maleness and underestimates the female status, is also embedded in the transplanted system; and ‘gender hierarchy’ is also latent in the discourse within SCR1325. In conclusion, it is possible for the article to suggest that due to the power relationship on peacebuilding operations between the UN and the aid recipient country, and ‘gender hierarchy’, the policy for women by the UN tends to be afforded low priority in peacebuilding operations.