Snow melting, snowfalls or precipitation will be concerned with geotechnical subjects such as foundation engineering or road management from the point of view of urban planning or Sabo. 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake rendered relatives scrutinize slope stability, but disclosed lack in evaluation of extent damage considering snow period. In this paper, the authors analyzed disaster circumstances on snow prevention facilities clue to earthquake and winter weather based on field survey or soil testing. This paper clarified and segmented as follows, 1) Results of damaged fence for avalanche control near epicenter where are involved Yamakoshi Village, considering geo-morphological properties, and 2) Assessment of road management including disaster mitigation from acquired extent of fracture for snow melting pipe-line and delayed snow removal operation due to earthquake damage. Ultimately, we peered measures for rehabilitation from national or municipal governments in order to promote collaboration between interdisciplinary experts. These methods are suitable level of mitigation under shrinkage budget through real-time trends in Niigata Prefecture.

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災害の発生地域、時期や時間帯、インフラストラクチャの被害等によっては、被災者や災害対応を行う防災関係者等は寒冷な環境にさらされる。寒冷環境は、人間の身体および精神面に様々な影響を与え、身体・精神活動の制約につながることが明らかとなっている。こうした制約は、被災者や災害対応活動中の防災関係者を危険な状態にする可能性がある。IREQ,DLE,WCTは、寒冷環境と人体への影響を示す寒冷指標であり、これらを活用することで、寒冷環境における災害時の人々の安全性を高めることができると考えられる。本稿では、各指標が評価する内容やその特徴を整理し、日本の気候風土への活用可能範囲や、防災活動上の利活用について考察した。

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 The purpose of this research is to predict the amount of the metal in home electrical appliances left at homes at time of tearing them down. We investigated the number and the processing method of home electrical appliance products left at homes at time of tearing them down by a questionnaire survey. From the results, we calculated that the number of home electrical appliances treated improperly. Furthermore, in order to predict the number of home electrical appliances were treated left at homes at time of tearing them down improperly in the future, we predicted houses that will be torn down in the future.
 From the questionnaire survey, we received from 414 house demolition companies, and from 366 industrial-waste disposal companies. According to the responses, from the home demolition companies, they said that the home electrical appliances that were left behind the most were air conditioners at 40 %. Next, compact appliances classified as bulky refuse (ex. heating installation, microwave oven and lighting system) was 33%. In addition, from the industrial-waste disposal companies, they said that the home electrical appliances that were left behind the most were compact appliances classified as bulky refuse was 44%. From the companies, they said that they knew the small size appliances (ex. camera, clock, and cellular phone) recycling law was about 60%. We guess that small size appliances are left behind because companies do not have the knowledge or know the right method for processing them.
 We predicted the number of housing stock and demolition houses. We predicted the number of home electrical appliances left at homes at time of tearing them down treated by improper processing. We predicted the integrated number of home electrical appliances left at homes at time of tearing them down treated by improper processing will be about 6 million from 2013 to 2053. We calculated this data based on the responses of the number of home electrical appliances left at homes at time of tearing them down and methods of treating home electrical appliances treated by improper processing in 2014. If most companies knew the small size appliances recycling laws, the number of small size appliances treated by improper processing would be reduced.

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兵庫県南部地震以降，廃棄物学会を中心に，地盤工学領域では応用地質学会や日本粘土学会等が災害廃棄物の調査を行うようになった．本研究では2007年新潟県中越沖地震を例に，廃棄物行政の実態を俯瞰し，住民に求められる危機管理の方向性を現地調査やアンケート等で明らかにした．また，東京都等の震災廃棄物対策を参照しつつ，地盤材としての有効性を検討した．この一連の流れで，徹底した分別回収がなされたこと，家族や住民間の協力で非常時の自主防災の成否につながったこと，膨大な廃棄物でも適正処理により環境影響を低減出来る可能性が筆者らの調査で示唆された．さらに廃棄物に内在する重金属にも言及し，新潟県内海岸部での調査結果や処理技術の現状も参考のために概観した．

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自然災害は，災害廃棄物の散乱や家屋解体に伴うアスベスト飛散等，様々な環境リスクを伴う。こうした災害環境リスクを管理する行政主体は，行政リソースが確保しにくい中で様々な災害対応業務にあたる必要がある。このとき，どこまで，どのように災害環境リスクを管理していくべきかについての，市民の考えをふまえた基本的方針は指針等で示されていない。本稿では，こうした災害環境リスクの管理方策の実施検討に役立てるため，大規模自然災害時において環境リスクを管理することに対する市民の態度とその規定因を明らかにすることを目的に，東日本大震災の被災者を対象としたwebアンケート調査を実施し，共分散構造分析等による多変量解析を行った。解析にあたっては，従来の計画行動理論を参考にしつつ，リスク管理行動の主体が行政（＝他者）である点，配慮行動ではなくリスク回避行動である点，「災害時」という特異な状況における行動である点に留意し，仮説モデルを設定した。その結果，多くの市民が災害に伴う多様な環境リスクを認知していること，災害時には環境影響を許容する傾向があり，男性ならびにより健康な人の方がその傾向が強いことが示された。また，快適さの損失に係る環境リスクに対する管理の優先度は，平時と比較して災害時は大幅に下がることが分かった。一方で，健康被害を想起される環境リスクについては，災害時だから仕方なく受け入れるという気持ちにならず，管理して欲しいと考えられるものであり，特に留意すべきであることが示唆された。また，快適さに関する環境リスクについても，健康状態の悪い人は災害時には仕方がないという気持ちが働かないことから，適切な配慮が必要であることが示唆された。

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Occurrence of The 2004 Niigata-Ken Chuetsu Earthquake rendered relatives scrutinize from the extet damage to affected daily life considering isolation of community or soaring ageing ratio. In this paper, we took up Kawaguchi Town in Niigata Prefecture as model, because of its devastated area, near epicenter with observation of seismic intensity level 7 on JMA scale. At first, we recapitulated the other research achievements related to refuge environment, in addition to measures reflected from catastrophe. Such outcomes were not paid much attention in cryogenic circumstance. Therefore, we conducted questionnaire survey for all household at the identical municipal town from Jan. to Feb. 2005. In this main theme, enquiry were consisted the troblesome, evacuation spot, volunteer needs and alteration of fettle. Resulted from the inquiry indicated that proximately half of enervated habitants scuttle away, and a quarter of responders stay tent even in short time. Ultimately, about 30% of interviewees complained raw conditions or wrecked health-giving, still the tendency was soaked and intensified among senile class. Finally, the authors suggested desirable earthquake disaster mitigation during wintry season

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