We are developing a new database named BRITE (Biomolecular Reaction pathways for Information Transfer and Expression), which contains knowledge of interacting molecules and/or genes. Since construction of BRITE requires cooperation with specialists in the respective fields of molecular biology, we have developed a BRITE construction tool named “BriteExPress” that can be utilized easily by WWW. Here, we report an overview of this tool and actual database construction for cell cycle controls.

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  近年，がん免疫療法の治療効果が臨床試験で確認されたが，さらなる抗腫瘍効果の改善，特にPD-1/PD-L1阻害による免疫チェックポイント阻害療法の効果を増強できる免疫調節剤の開発が期待されている．我々は，天然化合物・既存薬など各種低分子化合物ライブラリーのスクリーニングにより，複数のがん免疫調節性低分子化合物の同定に成功している．そのうちの一つ，ベルベリンは，抗菌・抗炎症などの作用をもつ既存薬であるが，最近，MAPKシグナル阻害やAMPK活性化などを介した抗がん作用も報告されている．ベルベリンが直接的な抗腫瘍作用を示さないマウス腫瘍モデルにおいて，その腹腔内投与は，センチネルリンパ節でのメモリーT細胞の増加，および腫瘍組織内での，抗アポトーシスタンパク質Bcl2やBat3の発現上昇を伴う腫瘍抗原特異的CD8⁺T細胞の生存促進作用により，CD8⁺T細胞依存性の抗腫瘍効果を示すことを見いだした．ベルベリン投与は，樹状細胞，骨髄由来免疫抑制細胞（MDSC），制御性T細胞に対する作用を示さず，直接，T細胞に作用している可能性が示唆された．さらに，ベルベリンと抗PD-L1阻害抗体との併用により抗腫瘍効果が増強された．以上の結果から，ベルベリンは既存薬であることからも，今後，PD-1/PD-L1阻害薬との併用による複合がん免疫療法の開発が期待される．

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In this paper the multiple information storage in a sound wave hologram and a radio wave hologram which are constructed by the scanning of a receiver (or a detector) to measure and display the wave fields, is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. A technique to sample and record the information of different objects in a hologram according to the scanning of a receiver at different places on the hologram plane or to the different directions is proposed. In the experiment Fresnel zone plates made by handwriting and sound wave holograms constructed with the sound wave of 15 kHz are used and the optically reconstructed images from those holograms are discussed.

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Theoretical and experimental analyses on the images reconstructed from acoustic holograms are conducted. The sound waves are used to construct the acoustic holograms, with the frequencies of 10kHz_??_20kHz. The optical reconstruction is made to use laser light (6328Å). The virtual and the conjugate images are observed. The relation between the light intensity levels converted from the acoustic fields and the reconstructed images is discussed. The effect of the scanning lines produced by the scanning of a microphone to the reconstructed images is analyzed. An improvement of the reconstructed images is done eliminating the spectrums of the scanning lines. The effects of the limitation of the hologram plane and frequency-chaging of the sound waves to the reconstructed images are also analyzed. Further, the basic consideration on the three dimensional information storage in the acoustic holagrams is made.

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An experiment to construct the hologram of an object in water using ultrasonic waves (1 MHz) and to reconstruct the original images using laser light (6328 Å) is conducted. Scanning the detector mechanically, ultrasonic holograms are constructed by Gabor's coherent background method and an electronic reference method. As the directivity of the source is an important problem in ultrasonic holography, experimental study is conducted. From the reciprocity theorem in sound fields, the same hologram as is made by scanning the detector is obtained by scanning the source. This is the specific way of the scanning method. Further, it is proposed to apply ultrasonic holography to interferometry and basic experiments are made. From these experiments, it is made clear that ultrasonic holography is a promising method of non-destructive testing.

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An experiment to construct holograms using sound wave (20 Kc) and to reconstruct the original images using laser light (6328Å) is conducted. The acoustic fields are detected by a microphone which scans the fields mechanically. The electric signals from the microphone are amplified and they lighten a lamp fixed on the back of the microphone. The light intensity distributions con-verted from the acoustic field distributions are recorded on films by a camera as sound wave holograms. The original images are reconstructed to illuminate the obtained sound wave holograms of reduced size by laser light.

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A small spiral ring antenna, composed of N turns spiral element with one wave length, is a kind of loop antennas. It is expected that its characteristics are similar to the normal one wave length loop antenns. In this report, the electric far-field is derived from the current distribution on this antenna, and it is also simulated by moment method, then these results are compared with experimental data of this spiral ring antenna.

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A gas lens of laminar flow type is made with which preliminary experiments is performed. Experiments ascertain that there exists an imaging action in this type of gas lens. Two kinds of experiments are conducted to confirm this action. One is to make real images with a gas lens and another to constitute a telelescope using a gas lens. In the former experiment, real images are produced by changing not only the distance between the gas lens and the imaging plane butalso the temperature. gradient of the gas lens. In the latter experiment, a Keplerian telescope is: made with the use of the gas lens for an object lens and a concave mirror for an eye lens. Fairy good photographs are obtained.

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