ボルネオは東南アジア島峡部の中心に位置する，世界第三位の大きさをもつ島である。最高峰のキナバル山は4000 m を少し越えるが，ほとんどの中央山地群は3000 m 以下の中規模山地であり，ここから四方に向かつて，中規模河川が流れ，海域世界へとつながっていく。この地形的要素は，この島の生態資源利用を理解するために重要である。アフリカや南米アマゾンと異なり，古くからこの島の豊かな資源は川を通じて海域世界へ簡単に送られていった。もっとも大きな開発は混交フタパガキ林に始まり，今やマングローブや泥炭湿地林にまで及んでいる。これらの開発は常に大会社の巨大資本による大勢の人力と機械カによってなされてきた。一方，先住民の人々による沈香など、の小型林産物の交易は，大開発方式とは異なり，生態系全体を考えた上での持続的な取り扱いのもとでおこなわれてきた。本論では，「生態資源」概念を中心に，今後の資源管埋について言及したい。「生態資源J は単なる生物資源ではなく，生態系の中での様々な資源の混合態である。生態系の持続的管理なしには，資源は存続し得ない。森林伐採，森林火災，そして植林活動などのいくつかの諸例を通して，流動する人々と資源の動きが，地域の安定につながることを指摘したい。

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Forest, sea and farm land in Southeast Asia are discussed from social, cultural, economic and dynamic points of view. The forest was very rich in commercial products like scented wood, but harbored endemic diseases as well. The sea of Southeast Asia provided people with easy access to the forest. Southeast Asia thus became a busy center for extraction of forest products. Many adventurers who came to the area, however, perished under the disease ridden conditions. Deep forest was regarded as the domain of spirits and gods. Cultivation was neglected in traditional land use due to the too vigorous growth of the forest, but has started to expand in the last several decades.

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Cycling of soil organic carbon in three types of forest were analyzed by a compartment model, and compared with each other. The accumulation of soil organic carbon became larger, but the flow rates of soil carbon decreased as we went from a tropical rain forest through an evergreen oak forest to a beech/fir forest. The calculated half life of A_0 layer was 0.4,1.2,and 4.0 years at the tropical rain, the evergreen oak and beech/fir forests respectively. Ratios of each flow rate of soil carbon to the total soil respiration rate in three forests were constant regardless of forest type and turnover rate of soil carbon. All flow rates of soil carbon were formulated as a function of the accumulation of A_0 layer which suggested A_0 layer to be a most sensitive indicator of cycling of soil organic carbon in forest ecosystems.

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